Fuel oil stability

The visbreaking process thermally cracks atmospheric or vacuum residues. Conversion is limited by specifications for marine or Industrial fuel-oil stability and by the formation of coke deposits in equipment such as heaters and exchangers. 

However, organic peroxides will still form in stored fuel, and their gradual accumulation can contribute to elastomer degradation throughout the fuel storage and distribution system. Hydroperoxide formation and accumulation can be readily controlled by the addition of low levels of traditional fuel oil stabilizers. 

A fuel oil stabilizer additive listed in QPL-24682 may be blended into naval distillate fuel at rates up to 35 lb/1,000 barrels to protect against degradation and improve storage stability as measured by ASTM D-5304. Method ASTM D-2274 may also be used if the test duration is extended from 16 to 40 hours. 

Williams Brothers Pipeline Company. 1982. Williams Brothers fuel oil stability test. 

Use Nonionic surfactants, plasticizers, antioxidants, fuel oil stabilizer, intermediate for resins, fungicides, bactericides, dyestuffs, adhesives, rubber chemicals. 

Vilhunen, J. Quignard, A. Pilvi, O, Waldvogel, J. Experience in use of automatic heavy fuel oil stability analyzer , Proc. 7 Inti. Conf. of Stability and Handling of Liquid Fuels, October 13-17,1997, Vancouver, B.C. 985-987. 

Oxidation stability (distillate fuel oil) NF M 07-047 ISO/DlS 12205 ASTM D 2274 Measurement of precipitate after 16 h of oxygen sparging at 95°C... 

Uses Manufacture of triethylenemelamine and other amines fuel oil and lubricant refining ion exchange protective coatings adhesives pharmaceuticals polymer stabilizers surfactants. 

A diesel fuel stabilizer containing a blend of amines, polyamines, and alkyl ammonium alkyl phosphate as specified under MIL-S-53021 is recommended for federal diesel fuel oil. This stabilizer is to be used at a treat rate of 25 lb/1,000 barrels. It is not intended for use in routine applications, but for situations where increased stability protection is required. Typical applications include fueled equipment undergoing long-term storage in a warehouse or depot, prepositioned equipment or equipment maintained in a high-temperature environment. 

Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)... 

Nalco Chemical Company. 1987. Procedures for evaluating the stability of distillate fuel oils. TF-9. Sugar Land, Tex. 

Asphaltenes These are complex high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic compounds which may contain oxygen, sulfur, or nitrogen heteroatoms. They are found in crude oil and in certain heavy fuel oils in micellar form. Their dispersion throughout oil can be stabilized by asphaltene precursors called resins and maltenes. 

Aziridine is an intermediate and monomer in the preparation of cationic polymers, such as polyaziridine (polyethyleneimine). These polymers are used to improve wet strength of paper, in fuel-oil and lubricant refining, as flocculating agents and in protective coatings, in textile finishing and for adhesives, polymer stabilizers, and surfactants (Lewis, 1993 Scherr et al., 1995). 

In recent years, the middle distillates have been in growing demand as fuel oils and Diesel fuel. As mentioned under the discussion on Diesel-fuel additives, it has been possible to meet this demand only by the inclusion of distillates from catalytic cracking operations. These have higher volumetric heat contents and lower pour and cloud points, but their use has caused problems of stability and compatibility in storage, necessitating use of anti-screen-clogging agents (14, 41, 4 )-... 

As for similar additives for jet and gas-turbine fuels, the literature is sparse on those distillate fuel-oil additives reported to have definite beneficial influence on actual combustion and is confined largely to claims that certain stability improvers also reduce carbon deposits in preheaters and on burner tips. However, a recent report indicates that ferrocene has recently been groomed for a job as combustion catalyst in home heaters (15). As mentioned previously, this substance is reported to have excellent properties for prevention of carbon formation (2). 

Gulfining a catalytic hydrogen treating process for cracked and straight-run distillates and fuel oils, to reduce sulfur content improve carbon residue, color, and general stability and effect a slight increase in gravity. 

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