In Cosmetics and Toiletries

CyDs are used in the cosmetics field to solubilize fragrances, to suppress their volatility, and to allow perfume-containing products to be sprayed as micropowders. 

CyDs are also used as stabilizers, emulsifiers, and deodorants [30, 31]. In Europe, about 400 tonnes of CyDs are used every year, of which 75% is used as deodorants. 

These products contain fragrance CyD complexes that permit slow release of the fragrance. 

Ceramide is a complex lipid that is found in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. It has a moisture-maintaining capacity, keeping the skin moist and soft and increasing its elasticity. Stable ceramide powder formulations involving CyDs are dispersible and suitable for cosmetics. 

A spray for fabrics and clothes given the brand name Febreze Fabric Refresher has been marketed by Procter Gamble Inc. It contains CyDs to neutralize smoke, mold, cooking, stale, pet, and other odors sticking to fabrics. 

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This chapter will cover sulfosuccinate monoesters and diesters. The monoesters are best used in cosmetics and toiletries the diesters—especially those based on 2-ethylhexanol—play an important role in, for example, the textile industry due to their outstanding wetting activities [5]. Sulfosuccinamates and sulfosuccinamides are consumed in technical fields like emulsion polymerization. The next section discusses the historical development of the sulfosuccinates. 

The approved color additives appear on positive lists issued by the Food and Drug Administration in the US, the EU, and Japan, but the colorants permitted in each market vary considerably. US and EU regulatory organizations provide provisional and permanent lists of approved color additives. The permanently listed additives are considered safe for use in cosmetic and toiletry products by the regulatory bodies. Provisionally listed color additives are those on which some safety studies are still to be undertaken or their test results are under review. The Japanese regulations include only a permanent list of color additives. 

Syria, Mexico and Chile. In most countries of Northern and Eastern Europe, cumin is of little importance as a traditional flavouring and is considered an alien spice, an oriental variety of caraway, comparable to, but distinct from, the native spice caraway ( foreign caraway ). Today, cumin usage in Europe is restricted to flavouring cheese in the Netherlands and France (Farrell, 1985), but it is experiencing a revival due to new-found appreciation of its culinary and therapeutic properties. Cumin essential oil is also used in cosmetics and toiletries to scent creams and lotions and in perfumes, with a reported maximum use of about 0.4% (Weiss, 2002). 

Life-threatening anaphylactic reactions that rarely occur during general anesthesia are mostly due to neuromuscular blockers. They may be due to cross-allergy mediated by drug-specific IgE antibodies to the quaternary ammonium moiety of the neuromuscular blocker molecule, perhaps with a contribution from IgE-independent mechanisms. Quaternary ammonium compounds, such as benzalkonium, in cosmetics and toiletries may play a role in sensitization (7). 

Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (IV injections ophthalmic preparations otic solutions topical preparations). Reported in the EPA TSCA Inventory. In the UK, the use of boric acid in cosmetics and toiletries is restricted. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. 

Hart JR. Chelating agents in cosmetic and toiletry products. Cosmet Toilet 1978 93(12) 28-30. 

Rufe RG. Cellulose polymers in cosmetics and toiletries. Cosmet Perfum 1975 90(3) 93-94, 99-100. 

In the chemistry of inclusion compounds, there is no doubt that cyclodextrins (CDs) belong to the most important class of host molecules. The remarkable career of cyclodextrins in research and industrial applications is due to their ability to incorporate selectively many organic/inorganic molecules, ions and even radicals. CDs have found numerous applications in many areas, especially in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, food and tobacco industries, as well as in cosmetics and toiletry [8]. 

Bronkometer isoetharine. bronopol [ban, bsi,inn,jan is an antibacterial and antiseptic, and a plant antifungal treatment. It is used as a preservative in cosmetics and toiletries, broparestrol [inn] (BDPE LN 107) is a synthetic nonsteroid OESTROGEN and analogue of stilboestrol used therapeutically in ANTICANCER therapy and in dermatology, broquinaldol [inn] is a methylquinoline ANTIFUNGAL and ANTIBACTERIAL. 

Cropeptide, cropeptide W, a word derived from the noun peptide that means in cosmetic and toiletry formulations a hydrolysis product of wheat which is used in lotions, shampoos, etc., and which is said to have moisturizing properties [J. H. Jones, Editorial,/. Peptide Sci. 2006, 12, 79]. 

Products and Uses Used in foods as a flavor enhancer, in tobacco as a taste enhancer, in cosmetics and toiletries as a preservative. Also considered a dietary supplement, nutrient, antioxidant (slows down spoiling), and a salt substitute. 

Numerous proposals of other applications are scattered throughout this book. To name but a few, CyD-based optical sensors, nanowires, and biosensors are presented in Sections 10.3 and 10.6 and in Table 14.3, respectively. In this chapter a few applications in food and drinks, in cosmetics and toiletry, in the textile and wrapping industries, and in agrochemistry are shown, while the applications of rotaxanes (discussed in Chapter 12) in molecular devices are briefly discussed at the end. 

Uses Conditioner, emollient, emulsifier, surfactant in cosmetics and toiletries antistat Trade Name Synonyms Emcol 4072 t[Witco4 http //WWW. witco. com]... 

HMIS Health 1, Flammability 0, Reactivity 0 Uses Emollient, emulsifier, bodying agent, and spreading agent in cosmetics and toiletries lubricant for makeup lubricity additive for lubricants plasticizer for rubber defoamerin food-contact paper/paperboard surf, lubricant... 

Precaution Combustible Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits toxic vapors of NOx and Cr Uses Detergent dispersant wetting agent fungicide bactericide antimicrobial, antistat, surfactant, biocide in cosmetics and toiletries antistat for hair and fiber corrosion inhibitor Manuf./Distrib. Amyl Mtp //www.amyLcom-, Koei Chem. http //www.koeichem.com,... 

The major proportion of the world market for cosmetics and toiletries is in the hands of approximately 15 companies which account for 60% of sales. The demand for solvents in cosmetics and toiletries does not follow the sales value since solvents are used in only certain segments within this sector. 

All the major solvents used in cosmetics and toiletry formulations are from the most benign group and have low toxicity. Ethanol, the most common solvent in this sector, has a low environmental impact and, in particular, is among the least potent of VOCs in forming tropospheric ozone. 

Ethanol is the dominant solvent in cosmetics and toiletries and in many countries is taxed for this application. To protect the excise duty (tax), the ethanol is denatured to prevent its being consumed as drink, and in each country the particular denaturing system adopted differs. Common denaturants include Bitrex (dena-tonium dibenzoate) or DEP (diethyl phthalate) together with a marker such as tertiary butanol. European countries are moving towards a position of mutual recognition where each country s denaturing system is allowed by their European partners in finished products. Each country, however, still has its own rules on the manufacture and original use of ethanol. 

Surfactants constitute some of the most important (in terms of function, not quantity) ingredients in cosmetic and toiletry products, foods, coatings, pharmaceuticals, and many other systems of wide economic and technological importance. In many, if not most, of those applications, polymeric materials, either natural or synthetic, are present in the final product formulations or are present in the targets for their use. Other surfactant applications, especially in the medical and biological fields, also potentially involve the interaction of polymers (including proteins, nucleosides, etc.) with surfactant system. 

Atomic spectrometry has been used to determine metallic components in toothpaste, sunscreen, shampoos, cosmetic pigments, etc. Elements can be found in cosmetics and toiletries as active ingredients (e.g., Se in shampoos) or as impurities from the raw materials. The elements most frequently determined are Pb, Hg, and As but Se, Cd, Zn, Ti, Fe, Cr, Si Bi, Ba,... 

Table 2. Most commonly found fragrances in cosmetics and toiletries...

Diazolidinyl urea, a formaldehyde releaser, is mainly contained in cosmetics and toiletries, and can be found in barrier creams. 

Quaternium 15 is a quaternary ammonium compound, used as a broad-spectrum formaldehyde-releasing bactericide agent. It is contained as a preservative in cosmetics and toiletries. Case reports included hairdressers, a beautician and an engineer working on the maintenance of machinery in a chicken processing plant. 

Isothiazolin-3-ones are preservatives with antibacterial and antifungal properties. Added to water-based products, they are widely used in cosmetics and toiletries. They have industrial applications in cleaning agents, polishes and paints, and in preservatives added, for example, to cutting fluids. 

Johnsen VF. Proteins in cosmetics and toiletries. Drug Cosmet Ind 1980 126 36-39. Morganti P, Muscardin F, Fabrizi G. Protective effect of collagen upon irritation response of detergents. Int J Cosmet Sci 1983 5 7-14. 

Very good thickener, fo2uu stabilizer, wetting agent and detergent used In cosmetic and toiletry products. 

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