Toiletry formulations

M = Al, Ga, In, Tl). The solution chemistry of Al in particular has been extensively investigated because of its industrial importance in water treatment plants, its use in many toiletry formulations, its possible implication in both Altzheimer s disease and the deleterious effects of acid rain, and the ubiquity of Al cooking utensils.For example, hydrated aluminium sulphate (10-30 gm ) can be added to turbid water supplies at pH 6.5-7.5 to flocculate the colloids, some 3 million tonnes per annum being used worldwide for this application alone. Likewise kilotonne amounts of A1(OH)2.5C1o.5 in concentrated (6m) aqueous solution are used in the manufacture of deodorants and antiperspirants. 

COSMETIC AND TOILETRY FORMULATIONS Second Edition — Volume 3... 

This book contains 775 cosmetic and toiletry formulations based on information received from numerous industrial companies and other organizations. This is Volume 3 of the Second Edition of this work Volume 1 was published in 1989. Volume 2 was published in 1992. There are no duplications in any of these volumes. 

Flick, E., Cosmetic and Toiletry Formulations, 2nd ed., Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1989. 

Cropeptide, cropeptide W, a word derived from the noun peptide that means in cosmetic and toiletry formulations a hydrolysis product of wheat which is used in lotions, shampoos, etc., and which is said to have moisturizing properties [J. H. Jones, Editorial,/. Peptide Sci. 2006, 12, 79]. 

All the major solvents used in cosmetics and toiletry formulations are from the most benign group and have low toxicity. Ethanol, the most common solvent in this sector, has a low environmental impact and, in particular, is among the least potent of VOCs in forming tropospheric ozone. 

Solid amide used in powdered dlshwash and bath toiletry formulations. Produces brittle, dry residue for carpet shampoo applications. 

A further component that can be varied, to take into account the requirement or specific needs of the end-use environment, is that of the continuous phase oil. For products to be used as thickeners in general industrial operations, such as Improved Oil Recovery or Print Paste formulations for textiles, this phase is usually based on a mineral oil hydrocarbon. In products developed for more specialised or demanding end uses, such as cosmetic and toiletry formulations, special grades are available where the continuous phase is a medicinal-grade high-purity white oil. Hydrophobic esters and even silicone-based fluids have also been used as the continuous oil phase. 

In the main, CTOSS-Knked products such as the Carbomer range of precipitation polymers, referred to in Section 3.3.1.3 and inverse emulsion/LDP polymers referred to in Section 3.3.2.1 are well suited to the rheological requirements of cosmetic and toiletry formulations. 

The complexity of balancing all the ingredients and end-use properties of cosmetic and toiletry formulations is well known and a number of reference texts [44-46] are available to assist formulators working in this area. 

Enzymatic oxidizing systems are capable of generating reactive oxygen species as well. The system Myavert C uses a balance of lactoperoxidase and glucose oxidase to yield preservation in cosmetic and toiletry formulations (Guthrie, 1992). For optimum performance a target pH of between 4 and 6 should be considered. 

Extracts are quite extensively used in tonics (especially those for female ailments). Also used in diuretic, laxative, and antismoking preparations as well as in cosmetic and toiletry formulations, presumably for their tonic properties. In Germany, the root is used for disturbances in bile flow, as diuretic, and as an appetite stimulant. The herb is used for appetite and dyspeptic disorders, such as abdominal fullness and flatulence. Products are contraindicated in obstruction of bile ducts. 

CAS 68603-42-9 111-42-2 EINECS/ELINCS 263-163-9 Uses Thickener, foam stabilizer, solubilizer for emollients and fragrances, emulsifier used in cosmetic and toiletry formulations, hard surface wetters and cleaners, household and industrial detergents... 

Uses Thickener, foam stabilizer, emulsifier, solubilizer used in cosmetic and toiletry formulations, industrial and household detergents Properties Liq. sp.gr. 0.98-1.00 flash pt. (PMCC) > 300 F pH 9.0-10.5 100% cone. 

Uses Thickener, foam stabilizer, emulsifier used in cosmetic and toiletry formulations... 

Synthetic Detergents. Examples of shampoo formulations are given in Table 1. The names of the ingredients are those designated by the Cosmetics, Toiletry and Fragrance Association (CTFA). 

Cosmetics and Toiletries. Citric acid and bicarbonate are used in effervescent type denture cleansers to provide agitation by reacting to form carbon dioxide gas. Citric acid is added to cosmetic formulations to adjust the pH, act as a buffer, and chelate metal ions preventing formulation discoloration and decomposition (213—218). 

A wealth of formulations for cosmetics and toiletries is available in the literature. Therefore only some basic formulations are given indicating the raw material best used. 

Bronopol (Myacide AS) is a potent antibacterial agent with some activity against yeasts. It was developed originally by the Boots Company in the UK as a preservative for cosmetics and toiletry products and has been used extensively in these areas since the 1970s. More recently it has been adopted in industrial formulation systems due to its low use concentrations and good compatibility... 

Fats and oils represent long term stores of energy for most organisms, being subjected to oxidative metabolism as required. Major oils which are produced commercially for use as foods, toiletries, medicinals, or pharmaceutical formulation... 

A variety of other materials are suitable as carriers of essential oils. These include gels, lotions, creams, soaps and shampoos. Collectively they can be referred to as cosmetic bases and toiletries. Their formulations are quite complex and varied, and this - along with marketing claims - is big business. 

Similar comments regarding this problem were also submitted by the Cosmetics, Toiletry and Fragrance Association and Nonprescription Drug Manufacturers Association, both of the United States, to the FDA, on December 6, 1996 to quote, "...formulations which do not achieve or provide the desired level of protection for any reason can be screened out. If the photochemistry or absorbance characteristics of the active ingredients are significantly altered rendering them incapable of providing UV protection or..., the formulation would fail to meet its expected SPF level."... 

Bronopol 0.01-0.1% w/v is used as an antimicrobial preservative either alone or in combination with other preservatives in topical pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and toiletries the usual concentration is 0.02% w/v. 

Carboxymethylcellulose sodium is used in oral, topical, and some parenteral formulations. It is also widely used in cosmetics, toiletries, and food products, and is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material. However, oral consumption of large amounts of carboxymethylcellulose sodium can have a laxative effect therapeutically, 4-1 Og in daily divided doses of the medium- and high-viscosity grades of carboxymethylcellulose sodium have been used as bulk laxatives. " ... 

Isopropanol is used as a solvent in numerous industrial and commercial products including synthetic resins, coatings, lacquers, and paint removers. It is also used in drug and cosmetic formulations, including many toiletries, perfumes, and colognes. It is also found in consumer products such as windshield cleaning fluids and glass cleaners. Because of its... 

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