Fungicides and bactericides

Acetic anhydride is a useful solvent in certain nitrations, acetylation of amines and organosulfur compounds for mbber processing, and in pesticides. Though acetic acid is unexceptional as a fungicide, small percentages of anhydride in acetic acid, or in cold water solutions are powerful fungicides and bactericides. There are no reports of this appHcation in commerce. It is possible that anhydride may replace formaldehyde for certain mycocidal apphcations. 

Foliar Fungicides and Bactericides. Of the - 70,000 t/yr as copper in compounds used in agriculture, almost 75% is used in the control of fungi (see Fungicides, agricultural). The first reference to the use of copper as a fungicide dates to 1761 (83) where copper sulfate was used on wheat seed for the control of bunt. In 1807 (84) the discovery of copper as a fungicide was made and the discovery of Bourdeaux mixture (copper sulfate plus lime) followed in 1882. 

Quinoline derivatives of formula 115 are outstandingly active as microbiocides and can be preferentially used as agricultural fungicides and bactericides for the control of undesired plant pathogens (96EUP703234). 

Research on natural fungicides and bactericides has become of major worldwide importance. The U. S. antibiotics industry, based entirely on this field of research, now produces over 1000 tons of these substances annually, valued at more than 250,000,000. The names are becoming common words—streptomycin, penicillin, bacitracin, Terramycin. 

Uses Manufacture of insecticides (termite control), algicides, herbicides, fungicides, and bactericides wood preservative. Manufacture of pentachlorophenyl laurate to mothproofing fabrics. 

Whereas 5-triazolo[3,4-fe][l,3,4]thiadiazoles (l,2,4-triazolo[3,4-6][l,3,4j thiadiazoles, 190) are reported repeatedly, especially with respect to their fungicidal and bactericidal activity, the corresponding isomeric 1,2,4-tria-zolo[5,l-6][l,3,4]thiadiazol system 191 has been investigated far less intensively. 

The chemistry shown in Scheme 13 has been applied to the synthesis of 5-substituted resorcinols, interesting naturally occurring compounds, which possess a wide variety of biological activity including fungicidal and bactericidal properties . Starting from... 

Because benzanilides exhibit fungicidal activity 38) and anthranilic acid esters have fungicidal and bactericidal activities 39,40), Kirino et al. attempted to derive a new class of fungicides from those having a hybrid structure, methyl N-(substituted benzoyl)anthranilates 41. Among various derivatives, m-substituted compounds (19) were shown to exhibit appreciable preventive activity against powdery mildew of cucumber. 

Regardless of the pathways of induced resistance, the end result is identical - a plant with stimulated resistance to plant pathogens. Effective use of induced resistance promoters in I PM systems will likely dramatically reduce the use of conventional chemical fungicides and bactericides in commercial agriculture. It is likely that there are many nontoxic natural substances and microbial species awaiting discovery as induced resistance promoters. 

The thirty-third member of the Periodic Table has a sinister reputation. Since its isolation in the Middle Ages the main use of arsenic compounds has been the termination of lifeforms. Its use for homicide was widened to include inter alia herbicide, fungicide and bactericide (see Section 28.7). Various arsenic compounds have been used from ancient times as pigments, e.g, lemon-yellow orpiment, As2S3, and red realgar, As4S4. 

Pyrithione (zinc salt of) is used as a component of antidandruff shampoos and as a bactericide in soap and detergent formulations. This compound (2-mercaptopyridine N-oxide) exists in equilibrium with N-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione and is a fungicide and bactericide, prepared by reaction of 2-chloropyridine N-oxide with sodium hydrosulfide and sodium sulfide. This compound is also known as Omadine, Its formula is shown below. 

Several aromatic chloro compounds are used extensively as insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, and bactericides. They also have acquired much notoriety because in some instances their indiscriminant usage has led to serious problems. For example, hexachlorophene is an external bactericide that until recently was used in cosmetic preparations such as soaps, deodorants, and so on. Its use has been discontinued because of compelling evidence that it can be absorbed through the skin in amounts that are dangerous, if not lethal, for infants and small children. 

In spite of its toxicity, derivatives of phenyl mercuric acetate having substituents such as thiohydantoins in the aromatic ring are still being studied as fungicides and bactericides.144"147... 

The antimicrobial, in particular the fungicidal and bactericidal effects of organogermanium, -tin and -lead compounds were discovered in Utrecht and have been extensively studied by our group (4. ... 

Wood is attacked by insects, fungi, and bacteria. Tributyltin compounds are powerful fungicides and bactericides, and tributyltin oxide or naphthenate has been used for wood preservation since the early 1960s. The wood is often impregnated with the organotin compound in an organic solvent by a double-vacuum process. A sealed chamber containing die wood is evacuated to low pressure. The chamber is flooded with the preservative and the vacuum is released so that the preservative is forced into the wood, then the vacuum is restored to remove the excess solution. 

Use Fungicide and bactericide in underwater and antifouling paints, pesticide. 

Use Fungicide and bactericide, plasticizer, chemical intermediate, medicated toothpastes. 

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