Otic and Ophthalmic Preparations

I he eyes and ears are subject to various disorders which range from mild to serious. Because the eyes and ears provide an interpretation of our outside environment, any disease or injury that has the potential for partial or total loss of function of these organs must be treated. 

Various types of preparations are used for the treatment of otic (ear) disorders. Otic preparations can be divided into three categories (1) antibiotics (2) antibiotic and steroid combinations and (3) miscellaneous preparations. The miscellaneous preparations usually contain one or more of the following ingredients  

Examples of otic preparations are given in the Summary Drug Table Otic Preparations. 

Otic preparations are instilled in the external auditory canal and may be used to relieve pain, treat infection and inflammation, and aid in the removal of earwax. When the patient has an inner ear infection, systemic antibiotic therapy is indicated. 

When otic drugs are applied topically, the amount of drug that enters die systemic circulation is not sufficient to produce adverse reactions. Prolonged use of otic 

GENERIC COMBINATIONS TRADE NAMP USES ADVERSE REACT ON S DOSAGE RANGES 

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Most polymyxin B sold for human use in the United States is in dermatological, otic, and ophthalmic preparations that usually contain one or more other spectmm extending antibacterials such as bacitracin, neomycin sulfate [1404-04-2], C23H4gNg023, linear gramicidin, oxytetracycline [79-57-2],... 

Discuss the general actions, uses, adverse reactions, contraindications, precautions, and interactions of otic and ophthalmic preparations. 

Discuss important preadministration and ongoing assessment activities the nurse should perform on a patient receiving otic and ophthalmic preparations. 

Unit XI consists of three chapters that discusses types of drugs not previously discussed or that are not members of a particular class or group. Chapters in this unit include topical drugs used in the treatment of skin disorders, otic and ophthalmic preparations, and fluids and electrolytes. 

Discuss ways to promote an optimal response to therapy, how to administer the preparations, and important points to keep in mind when educating patients about the use of otic or ophthalmic preparations. 

The most common form of neomycin administration is topical. The dmg is available in combination with other antibiotics and steroids in numerous ophthalmic, otic, and dermatologic preparations designed to treat a rariety of skin and mucous membrane infections (seeTables 11-6 and 11-7). Topical ocular application of neomycin can result in... 

Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (inhalations, IM injections, nasal, ophthalmic, otic, and topical preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. It is also included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. 

Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (IM and ophthalmic preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. In the UK, the use of phenylmercuric salts in cosmetics is limited to 0.003% (calculated as mercury, equivalent to approximately 0.0047% of phenylmercuric nitrate) as a preservative in shampoos and hair creams, which contain nonionic emulsifiers that would render other preservatives ineffective. Total permitted concentration, as mercury, when mixed with other mercury compounds is 0.007% (equivalent up to approximately 0.011% of phenylmercuric nitrate). Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients (ophthalmic, nasal and otic preparations only there must be no other suitable alternative preservative). 

The ophthalmic preparations should only be used in refractory cases of otitis because organism resistance may develop with widespread use. Ophthalmic preparations are also not improved by the FDA for use in the ear canal, but treating physicians may use their discretion for refractory cases. The recent introduction of Floxin and Cipro Otic drops have decreased the use of ophthalmic preparations for the treatment of refractory ear canal conditions. 

Glycerin is used in a wide variety of pharmaceutical formulations including oral, otic, ophthalmic, topical, and parenteral preparations see Table I. 

Sodium bicarbonate is used in a number of pharmaceutical formulations including injections and ophthalmic, otic, topical, and oral preparations. 

Sodium borate is used in pharmaceutical applications similarly to boric acid (see Boric Acid). It has been used externally as a mild astringent and as an emulsifying agent in creams. It has also been used in lozenges, mouthwashes, otic preparations (0.3% w/v), and ophthalmic solutions (0.03-1.0% w/v). Sodium borate has additionally been investigated in the prevention of crystal formation in freeze-dried solutions. Preparations of sodium borate in honey have historically been used as paints for the throat, tongue, and mouth, but such use is now inadvisable because of concerns about toxicity in such applications, see Section 14. Sodium borate is also used in cosmetics such as moisturizers, deodorants, and shampoos. 

GRAS listed. Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Guide (dental preparations injections inhalations nasal, ophthalmic, oral, otic, rectal, topical, and vaginal preparations). Included in... 

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