Toiletry products

Togaviridae Toilet bowls Toilet preparations Toiletries Toiletry products Tokamaks Tokamax Tolazamide... 

Saccharin is the most economical sweetener available. It is 300 times (8% sucrose solution sweetness equivalence) more potent than sugar and its price in 1996 was about 6.05/kg, ca 0.02/(kg-sweet unit). Sugar, on the other hand, was ca 0.77/kg, which is 39 times more expensive than saccharin on equal sweetness basis. Consequentiy, the low cost and high stabiUty of saccharin render it the sweetener of choice for dentifrices (qv), other toiletry products, and pharmaceuticals (qv). 

Many criteria must be met by raw materials before being selected for a toiletry product skin and eye compatibility, availability, price, biodegradability, ease of use, and compatibility with other finished product ingredients. Sulfosuccinates meet most if not all criteria. 

The interesting properties of sulfosuccinates for inclusion in toiletry products stimulated testing of skin mildness for different types of sulfosuccinates. 

The approved color additives appear on positive lists issued by the Food and Drug Administration in the US, the EU, and Japan, but the colorants permitted in each market vary considerably. US and EU regulatory organizations provide provisional and permanent lists of approved color additives. The permanently listed additives are considered safe for use in cosmetic and toiletry products by the regulatory bodies. Provisionally listed color additives are those on which some safety studies are still to be undertaken or their test results are under review. The Japanese regulations include only a permanent list of color additives. 

To address the first question, which preservatives are currently being used , a very useful starting point is to examine the use of preservatives in the US market. This gives a fairly representative picture of the preservatives used, not only in the US market, but also in most other markets around the world with the notable exception of Japan. The graph below has been compiled from data from collated and published by D Steinberg, covering the most widely used preservatives in US cosmetic and toiletry products. It becomes very clear that the... 

Cosmetics and toiletries product manufacturers generally aim for 30 months shelf life and hence the product under development must have adequate preservative system to cope with the following -... 

Bronopol (Myacide AS) is a potent antibacterial agent with some activity against yeasts. It was developed originally by the Boots Company in the UK as a preservative for cosmetics and toiletry products and has been used extensively in these areas since the 1970s. More recently it has been adopted in industrial formulation systems due to its low use concentrations and good compatibility... 

L Air du Temps of Nina Ricci must be regarded as one of the most important perfumes ever made. Not only has it enjoyed a great and enduring commercial success, but its influence can be seen behind the creation of a number of subsequent perfumes, such as Fidji, Charlie, Chloe, Anais Anais, and Paris, which can be thought of as forming a more-or-less well-defined family. It has also been the inspiration behind innumerable trickle-down fragrances, particularly for toiletry products and cosmetics. 

Many derivative and trickle-down fragrances have been derived from Fidji. Its light, green, floral character together with the tenacity of the salicylates and musk make it particularly suitable for use in toiletry products, especially for shampoos and hair conditioners. 

Edetic acid and disodium edetate may also be used as water softeners since they will chelate the calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water edetate calcium disodium is not effective. Many cosmetic and toiletry products, e.g., soaps, contain edetic acid as a water softener. 

Hart JR. Chelating agents in cosmetic and toiletry products. Cosmet Toilet 1978 93(12) 28-30. 

Menthol is widely used in pharmaceuticals, confectionery, and toiletry products as a flavoring agent or odor enhancer. In addition to its characteristic peppermint flavor, /-menthol, which occurs naturally, also exerts a cooling or refreshing sensation that is exploited in many topical preparations. Unlike mannitol, which exerts a similar effect due to a negative heat of solution, /-menthol interacts directly with the body s coldness receptors. d-Menthol has no cooling effect, while racemic menthol exerts an effect approximately half that of /-menthol. 

Cosmetics are natural or synthetic toiletry products that are used to maintain hygiene and include externally applied products used to enhance appearance. This class includes dental products, bath supplies (e.g., bubble baths, body washes, and bath beads), powders, lotions, lipsticks, perfumes, colognes, shampoos, depilatories, and hair coloring/waving products. Most of these products contain alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, perborates, and anionic and nonionic surfactants. Use of cosmetics is as old as civilization itself. Centuries ago wealthy women would apply the white lead pigment known as ceruse to their faces to appear fashionably pale - sometimes with lethal consequences. Women also used belladonna alkaloids like atropine to dilate pupils to enhance the attractiveness of the eyes in the late nineteenth century. 

Products and Uses An odorant in soaps, cosmetics, perfumes, and toiletry products. 

Surfactants constitute some of the most important (in terms of function, not quantity) ingredients in cosmetic and toiletry products, foods, coatings, pharmaceuticals, and many other systems of wide economic and technological importance. In many, if not most, of those applications, polymeric materials, either natural or synthetic, are present in the final product formulations or are present in the targets for their use. Other surfactant applications, especially in the medical and biological fields, also potentially involve the interaction of polymers (including proteins, nucleosides, etc.) with surfactant system. 

Function in Formula Viscosity building, emulsion stabilizer, foam stabilizer, lubrication Use Concentration 1-3% in toiletry products, creams and lotions, shave gels, astringents, and shampoos... 

Very good thickener, fo2uu stabilizer, wetting agent and detergent used In cosmetic and toiletry products. 

In formulations such as household cleaners or cosmetic and toiletry products, it is common for surfactants to be present in order to provide the required detergency effect. Consequently, the water phase has an assembly of micelles in addition to those which form from the groups in the polymer. In practise, the hydrophobes in the polymer become incorporated in the surfactant micelles originating from the components of the formulation which results in association or interactions greater than that which would arise from the polymer surfactant groups alone. 

Associative thickeners are also useful thickeners for cosmetic and toiletry products. These products types are most compatible with anionic and non-ionic co-ingredients, give clear formulations and work most effectively in neutral or mildly alkaline environments (to ensure the polymer is fully in solution). Associative thickeners also work well in surfactant systems since the hydrophobic groups in the polymer is able to interact with the micelle structure already present in such systems. Some grades are not effective at giving high viscosity under low shear conditions but the use of thickener combinations can address such limitations. 

These are one of the oldest toiletries products, having been used for over centuries. The earliest formulations were based on simply fatty add salts, such as sodium or potassium palmitate. However, these simple soaps suffer from the problem of calcium soap precipitation in hard water. For that reason, most soap bars contain other surfactants such as cocomonoglyceride sulphate or sodium cocoglyceryl ether sulphonate that prevent precipitation with caldura ions. Other surfadants used in soap bars indude sodium cocyl isethinate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate and sodium stearyl sulphate. 

These are one of the oldest toiletries products that have been used over centuries. The earliest formulations were based on simply fatty acid salts, such as sodium or potassium palmitate. However, these simple soaps suffer from the problem of calcium... 

Apart from its function in the body, urea s high nitrogen content makes it an ideal fertilizer. It is also a raw material in the manufacture of plastics and glues, an ingredient of some toiletry products and fire extinguishers, and an alternative to rock salt for deicing roads. It is produced industrially from ammonia and carbon dioxide to the tune of 100 million tons per year worldwide. 

Lin and Shu (2000) Lauroylsarcosinate Lauroylalaninate Lauroylglutamate A-lauryl-A-methyltaurate PEG lauryl ether acetate Cosmetic toiletry products LC CE... 

Actives for Skin-Care Products. Actives for Personal Hygiene and Other Toiletry Products. Actives with Specific Claims. Analytical Methods... 

Actives for Skin-Care Products, Hygiene and other Toiletry Products... 

Personal Hygiene. Other Toiletry Products Excluding those Mentioned in Previous Chapters)... 

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