Cosmetics and toiletries

The major proportion of the world market for cosmetics and toiletries is in the hands of approximately 15 companies which account for 60% of sales. The demand for solvents in cosmetics and toiletries does not follow the sales value since solvents are used in only certain segments within this sector. 

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Celquat , Cationic Cellulosic Foljmers For Cosmetics and Toiletries, National Starch and Chemical Corp., Bridgewater, N.J. 

Cosmetics and Toiletries. Citric acid and bicarbonate are used in effervescent type denture cleansers to provide agitation by reacting to form carbon dioxide gas. Citric acid is added to cosmetic formulations to adjust the pH, act as a buffer, and chelate metal ions preventing formulation discoloration and decomposition (213—218). 

M. Pader, Chemistry and Technology of the Cosmetics and Toiletries Industry Blackie Academic Professional, London, 1992, pp. 253—254. General References... 

Propylene Oxide. Propylene oxide [75-56-9] (qv), C H O, is a higher homologue of ethylene oxide that boils at 35°C. Propylene oxide is not as germicidaHy active as ethylene oxide (291), but has one distinct advantage it hydrolyzes to produce nontoxic propylene glycol (292), allowing use for treating foods. Three hours at 37°C reduced the microbial count of cocoa powder by 50—70% and molds by 90—99% (293). Powdered cosmetics and toiletries are treated with 1—2% of Hquid propylene oxide in sealed containers, and the temperature is raised to cause vaporization and increased activity (294). 

Substantial quantities of UPVC are also used for blow moulded containers for such diverse materials as consumable liquids such as fruit squashes, liquids for household use such as detergents and disinfectants, cosmetics and toiletries, and pharmaceuticals. For most of these applications UPVC is in competition with at least one other polymer, particularly poly(ethylene) terephthalate (Chapter 25), polyethylene (Chapter 10), polypropylene (Chapter 11) and, to a small extent, the nitrile resins (Chapter 15). The net result is that in recent years there has been some replacement of PPVC in these areas, in part because of problems of waste disposal. 

This chapter will cover sulfosuccinate monoesters and diesters. The monoesters are best used in cosmetics and toiletries the diesters—especially those based on 2-ethylhexanol—play an important role in, for example, the textile industry due to their outstanding wetting activities [5]. Sulfosuccinamates and sulfosuccinamides are consumed in technical fields like emulsion polymerization. The next section discusses the historical development of the sulfosuccinates. 

A wealth of formulations for cosmetics and toiletries is available in the literature. Therefore only some basic formulations are given indicating the raw material best used. 

D.F, Williams and W.H. Schmitt, Chemistry and Technology of the Cosmetic and Toiletries Industries, Blackie Academic Profesional, Surrey, 1994. 

Leak R.E. Leech R. (1988) Challenge tests and their predictive stability. In Microbial Quality Assurance in Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics and Toiletries (eds S.F. Bloomfield, R. Baird, R.E. Leak R. Leach), pp. 129-146. Chichester Ellis Horwood. 

The approved color additives appear on positive lists issued by the Food and Drug Administration in the US, the EU, and Japan, but the colorants permitted in each market vary considerably. US and EU regulatory organizations provide provisional and permanent lists of approved color additives. The permanently listed additives are considered safe for use in cosmetic and toiletry products by the regulatory bodies. Provisionally listed color additives are those on which some safety studies are still to be undertaken or their test results are under review. The Japanese regulations include only a permanent list of color additives. 

Laba D (1993) Rheological properties of cosmetics and toiletries. Marcel Dekker, New York,p 55... 

Microencapsulation is a revolutionary technology enabling liquids to be treated as solids. The technology was first used to produce carbonless copying paper, but today it is widely used in a number of industrial fields such as medicine, agricultural chemicals, thermochromic materials, cosmetics, and toiletries. 

To address the first question, which preservatives are currently being used , a very useful starting point is to examine the use of preservatives in the US market. This gives a fairly representative picture of the preservatives used, not only in the US market, but also in most other markets around the world with the notable exception of Japan. The graph below has been compiled from data from collated and published by D Steinberg, covering the most widely used preservatives in US cosmetic and toiletry products. It becomes very clear that the... 

Cosmetics and toiletries product manufacturers generally aim for 30 months shelf life and hence the product under development must have adequate preservative system to cope with the following -... 

PE Miner. Emulsion rheology creams and lotions. In D Laba, ed. Rheological Properties of Cosmetics and Toiletries. New York Marcel Deklcer, 1993, pp 313-370. 

I. Product Attributes in Different Industrial / Product Sectors As demonstrated by the case studies on food [see chapter 6], and cosmetics and toiletries [see chapter 9] products, the desired product attributes are very different from those of commodity chemicals. The key requirement for simple molecules is purity. For functional molecules such as those used as in hair conditioner, the functional groups of the molecule, be it cationic, anionic or nonionic, and the flexibility of the molecular backbone have to be tailored to meet the needs. By and large, the number of requirements increases with the... 

Bronopol (Myacide AS) is a potent antibacterial agent with some activity against yeasts. It was developed originally by the Boots Company in the UK as a preservative for cosmetics and toiletry products and has been used extensively in these areas since the 1970s. More recently it has been adopted in industrial formulation systems due to its low use concentrations and good compatibility... 

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