Lipid complexes

Starch hydrolysates Starch industry Starch-iodine Starch-lipid complex... 

Beneficial effects have also been attributed to PAF. In reproduction, PAF secreted by the fertilized egg is instrumental in the implantation of the egg in the uterine wall. PAF is produced in significant quantities in the lungs of the fetus late in pregnancy and may stimulate the production of fetal lung surfactant, a protein-lipid complex that prevents collapse of the lungs in a newborn infant. 

Sucrose gradients for separation of membrane proteins must be able to separate proteins and protein-lipid complexes having a wide range of densities, typically 1.00 to 1.35 g/mL. 

Amphotericin B-induced ARF occurs in as many as 40% to 65% of patients treated with the conventional desoxycholate formulation.30 Nephrotoxicity is due to renal arterial vasoconstriction and distal renal tubule cell damage. Risk factors include high doses, treatment for at least 7 days, preexisting kidney dysfunction, and concomitant use of other nephrotoxic drugs.31 Three lipid-based formulations of amphotericin B have been developed in an attempt to decrease the incidence of ARF amphotericin B lipid complex, amphotericin colloidal dispersion, and liposomal amphotericin B. The range of... 

The squaraine probe 9g was tested for its sensitivity to trace the formation of protein-lipid complexes [57]. The binding of dye 9g to model membranes composed of zwitter-ionic lipid phosphatidylcholine (PC) and its mixtures with anionic lipid cardiolipin (CL) in different molar ratios was found to be controlled mainly by hydrophobic interactions. Lysozyme (Lz) and ribonuclease A (RNase) influenced the association of 9g with lipid vesicles. The magnitude of this effect was much higher... 

Ioffe VM, Gorbenko GP, Deligeorgiev T, Gadjev N, Vasilev A (2007) Fluorescence study of protein - lipid complexes with a new symmetric squarylium probe. Biophys Chem... 

The lipid constituents of the acid-fast bacilli, particularly the tubercle bacillus, have been extensively studied and there is good evidence that carbohydrate-lipid complexes play an important part in the sero-... 

ABLC = Amphotericin B Lipid Complex ABCD = Amphotericin B Colloidal Dispersion L-AMB = Liposomal Amphotericin B... 

Bergen M, Chen R, Gonzalez R (2003) Efficacy and safety of HLA-B7/beta-2 microglobulin plasmid DNA/lipid complex (Allovectin-7) in patients with metastatic melanoma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 3 377-384... 

Predescu, S.A., Predescu, D.N., and Palade, G.E. (2001) Endothelial transcytodc machinery involves supramolecular protein-lipid complexes. Mol. Biol. Cell 12, 1019-1033. 

Lipid-associated formulations of amphotericin B, liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) and amphotericin B lipid complex (Abelcet) have been approved for use in proven cases of candidiasis however, patients with invasive candidiasis have also been treated successfully with amphotericin B colloid dispersion (Amphotec or Amphocil). The lipid-associated formulations are less toxic but as effective as amphotericin B deoxycholate. 

Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C parapsilosis and resolution of signs and symptoms of infection Remove existing central venous catheters when feasible, plus Amphotericin B IV 0.6 mg/k day or Fluconazole IV/po 6 mg/kg/day or An echinocandin or Amphotericin B IV 0.7 mg/kg/day plus fluconazole IV/po 800 mg/day Patients intolerant or refractory to other therapf Amphotericin B lipid complex IV 5 m k day Liposomal amphotericin B IV 3-5 mg/kg/day Amphotericin B colloid dispersion IV 2-6 mg/k day (continued)... 

The caloric contribution from propofol infusions can require adjustment of a patient s nutrition regimen. The caloric contribution from amphotericin liposomal and lipid complex formulations is not clinically relevant. 

Okahata Y, Kawasaki T (2005) Preparation and Electron Conductivity of DNA-Aligned Cast and LB Films from DNA-Lipid Complexes. 260 57-75 Otto D, see Ihmels H (2005) 258 161-204... 

Theoretically, this appears to be a htting solution to gene problems. However, there are problems, such as immune and inflammation responses, toxicity, and means to target the intended cells. Non viral vectors may overcome the problems with viral delivery agents. Lipids, in the form of liposomes and other lipid complexes, are being studied. Injection of DNA directly into a patient s muscle cells is another avenue being researched. 

The procedure chosen for the preparation of lipid complexes of AmB was nanoprecipitation. This procedure has been developed in our laboratory for a number of years and can be applied to the formulation of a number of different colloidal systems liposomes, microemulsions, polymeric nanoparticles (nanospheres and nanocapsules), complexes, and pure drug particles (14-16). Briefly, the substances of interest are dissolved in a solvent A and this solution is poured into a nonsolvent B of the substance that is miscible with the solvent A. As the solvent diffuses, the dissolved material is stranded as small particles, typically 100 to 400 nm in diameter. The solvent is usually an alcohol, acetone, or tetrahydrofuran and the nonsolvent A is usually water or aqueous buffer, with or without a hydrophilic surfactant to improve colloid stability after formation. Solvent A can be removed by evaporation under vacuum, which can also be used to concentrate the suspension. The concentration of the substance of interest in the organic solvent and the proportions of the two solvents are the main parameters influencing the final size of the particles. For liposomes, this method is similar to the ethanol injection technique proposed by Batzii and Korn in 1973 (17), which is however limited to 40 mM of lipids in ethanol and 10% of ethanol in final aqueous suspension. 

The optimal formulation [DMPC/DMPG/AmB in molar ratio 7/3/5, referred to as lipid complex of amphotericin B (LC-AmB)] was stable in aqueous suspension for six months after preparation when stored at +4°C, with no change in size. Other formulations increased in size a few days after the preparation with or without precipitation. 

The morphology of AmB lipid complexes was examined by electron microscopy. Two different preparation techniques were used freezefracturing and air-drying. 

Figure 3 Electron microscopy of lipid complex of amphotericin B. (A) Air-drying and shadowing, bar = 200 nm (B) freeze-fracture, bar = 200 nm. Source From Ref. 1.

The UV spectra of AmB varied according to its proportion in the lipid formulation, indicating that its self-aggregation was limited by its complexa-tion with the phospholipids. These results were confirmed by circular dichroism (CD). When the AmB-lipid complexes containing 10% to 50% w/w of AmB were examined (Fig. 4), the dichroic doublet characterizing the aggregation state of AmB, centered on 335 nm, was still observed but... 

Janoff AS, et al. Amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC ) a molecular rationale for the attenuation of AmB related toxicities. J Liposome Res 1993 3 451. 

Larabi M, et al. Study of the toxicity of a new lipid complex formulation of amphotericin B. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003 53 81. 

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