Science, forensic

Apart from the well-known journals covering aspects of chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, geology, environmental science, electrical engineering, and forensic science, which all have occasional articles that use mass spectrometry for analytical purposes, the following journals frequently contain papers in which mass spectrometry plays a major role ... 

Forensic science is an applied science having a focus on practical scientific issues that come up during criminal investigations or at trial. Some components ate unique to the field because it is conducted within the legal arena. Forensic science issues in chemistry and biochemistry in criminal investigations are discussed herein. There are a host of other forensic science areas, eg, forensic medicine, forensic dentistry, forensic anthropology, forensic psychiatry, and forensic engineering, any of which may overlap with forensic chemistry. 

Most of the forensic science or crime laboratories located in North America are associated with law enforcement agencies, medical examiner—coroner departments, or prosecutors offices. There are a large number of independent consultants, also. Laboratories exist at the municipal, county, state, and federal levels of government. There are approximately 300 government-operated forensic science laboratories in the United States. 

Forensic science laboratories are generally divided into separate specialty areas. These typically include forensic toxicology, soHd-dose dmg testing, forensic serology, trace evidence analysis, firearms and tool mark examination, questioned documents examination, and latent fingerprint examination. Laboratories principally employ chemists, biochemists, and biologists at various degree levels. In some specialty areas, eg, firearms examination, questioned... 

Committee on DNA Technology in Forensic Science ReportF 2L ion.S. Research Council, Committee on DNA Technology in Forensic Science, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1992. 

R. Saferstein, ed.. Forensic Science Handbook. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1982 and Forensic Science Handbook, Wol II, 1988. 

Whenever the appropriate specimens can be prepared, this mode is normally the one preferred for trace-element analysis in geoscience, air polludon and atmospheric science, biology, medicine, water analysis, and forensic science. In this case, the ions pass through the specimen with negligible energy loss and there is minimal absorption of X rays. 

Analysis of alkaloids, barbiturates, and other drugs and poisons in forensic science 97AC123R. 

LC-GC, therefore, shows promise for forensic science applications, reducing sample handling and preparation steps by essentially using an on-line LC column in place of one or more extraction steps. This is followed by a traditional high resolution GC analysis. The methods described here for pesticides and hormones could be readily adapted to a variety of analyses, especially those involving fatty matrices. Such as tissues, food or blood. 

T. A. Brettell, K. Inman, N. Rudin, and R. Saferstein, Forensic science . Anal. Chem.ll 235R-255R(1999). 

He then joined the Central Research Establishment of the Home Office Forensic Science Service (as it then was) at Aldermaston where he developed thermogravimetry-MS, pyrolysis-MS, GC-MS and LC-MS methodologies for the identification of analytes associated with crime investigations. It was here that his interest in LC-MS began with the use of an early moving-belt interface. This interest continued during periods of employment with two manufacturers of LC-MS equipment, namely Kratos and subsequently Interion, the UK arm of the Vestec Corporation of Houston, Texas, the company set up by Marvin Vestal, the primary developer of the thermospray LC-MS interface. 

Dudar, J.C., Pfeiffer, S. and Saunders, S.R. 1993 Evaluation of morphological and histological adult skeletal age-at-death estimation techniques using ribs. Journal of Forensic Sciences 38 677-685. 

Rogers, T. and Saunders, S.R 1994 Accuracy of sex determination using morphological traits of the human pelvis. Journal of Forensic Sciences 39 1047-1056. 

Saunders, S.R., Fitzgerald, C, Rogers, T., Dudar, C. and McKillop, H. 1992 A lest of several methods of skeletal age estimation using a documented archaeological sample. Journal of the Canadian Society of Forensic Sciences 25 97-118. 

Bell, L.S., Skinner, M.F., Jones, S.J. (1996). The speed of post mortem change to the human skeleton and its taphonomic significance. Forensic Science International, Vol. 82, pp. 129-140. 

Institute of Chemical Analysis, Applications and Forensic Science, Northeastern University, Boston, Mass. 02115... 

Kasai K, Nakamura Y and White R 1990) Amplification of a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) locus (pMCTii8) by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its application to forensic science. ] For Sci 35 1196-1200. 

Applications The main application fields of PIXE are earth science, air pollution studies (aerosol analysis), mineralogical studies, forensic science, arts and archaeology. In the external-beam PIXE technique, the proton beam is taken out to ambient air. This mode finds application in the analysis of art objects (paintings, books, etc.). 

Laing, D.K. Dudley, R.J. Issacs, M.D.J. Colorimetric Measurements of Small Paint Fragments Using Microspectrophotometry, Forensic Science International. 1980, 16, 159-171. 

Dr. Karch is forensic science editor for Humana Press, and he serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of Cardiovascular Toxicology, the Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine (London), Forensic Science, Medicine and Pathology, and Clarke s Analysis of Drugs and Poisons. 

Dr. Karch was elected a fellow of the Faculty of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Royal College of Physicians (London) in 2006. He is also a fellow of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, the Society of Forensic Toxicologists (SOFT), the National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME), the Royal Society of Medicine in London, and the Forensic Science Society of the U.K. He is a member of The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists (TLAFT). 

Andersen SN and Skullerud K (1999). Hypoxic/ischaemic brain damage, especially pallidal lesions, in heroin addicts. Forensic Science International, 102, 51-59. 

Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Human Anatomy, Pharmacology and Forensic Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Parma, Parma, Italy... 

Levin, B.C. Rechani, P.R. Gurman, J.L. Landron, F. Clark, H.M. Yoklavich, M.F. Rodriguez, J.R. Droz, L. Mattos de Cabrera, F. Kaye, S. Analysis of Carboxyhemoglobin and Cyanide in Blood from Victims of the Dupont Plaza Hotel Fire in Puerto Rico, J. Forensic Sciences (In press, January, 1990). 

V. J. Clancey, Diagnostic Features of Explosion Damage, paper presented at the Sixth International Meeting of Forensic Sciences (Edinburgh, 1972). 

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