Earth sciences

Darmstadt Technical University, Chemical Analytics, Germany Materials and Earth Sciences, Petersenstr. 23, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany -Darmstadt Technical University, Thin Films, Germany... 

Annemarie Meike (USA) Environmental Department Earth-Sciences Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory P.O. Box 808, L-219 Livermore, CA 94550 USA... 

Department of Earth Sciences University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB23EQ England... 

Earth Sciences Department University of California Berkeley, California 94720 USA... 

While the hydrosphere has long been appreciated as essential to life on Earth, only in the past couple of decades have scientists expanded their exploration of the global hydrologic cycle and its roles across the spectrum of Earth science... 

CLIMAP Project members (1976). The surface of the ice age Earth. Science 191,1131-1137. 

This book is about fundamental aspects of the science of biogeochemistry. As such, and while it is relevant to the major issues of global change, it is not issue oriented. Not does this book attempt to review all of the research on these topics. It does, however, emphasize fundamental aspects of the physical, chemical, biological, and Earth sciences that are of lasting importance for integrative studies of the Earth. 

O Neil, J.R., Roe, L.J., Reinhard, E. and Blake, R.E. 1994 A rapid and precise method of oxygen isotope analysis of biogenic phosphate. IsraelJournal of Earth Sciences 42 203-212. 

Matthew J. Kohn Department of Earth Science Lawrence Livermore National Lab, Livermore, CA 94550, USA... 

Department of Earth Sciences, Cardiff Universii%,PO Box 914iT af5iff CFli 3YE, UK... 

Faculty of Earth Sciences The University of Silesia Sosnowiec, Poland... 

Shuto, K. (1989) Tertiary volcanism of the Northeast Japan arc in view of hypothesis of the spreading of the Japan sea. Earth Science (Japan), 43, 28-42 (in Japanese). 

Yano, T. (1985) Proposal of Pacific Problems and its development. Chikyukagaku (Earth Science), 39, 313-318. 

Flanagan FJ (1974) Reference samples for the earth sciences. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 38 1731-1744. 

Department of Earth Sciences Wills Memorial Building University of Bristol Bristol, BS8 IRJ, United Kingdom... 

The uranium and thorium decay-series contain radioactive isotopes of many elements (in particular, U, Th, Pa, Ra and Rn). The varied geochemical properties of these elements cause nuclides within the chain to be fractionated in different geological environments, while the varied half-lives of the nuclides allows investigation of processes occurring on time scales from days to 10 years. U-series measurements have therefore revolutionized the Earth Sciences by offering some of the only quantitative constraints on time scales applicable to the physical processes that take place on the Earth. 

Institute for Isotope Geology and Mineral Resources Department of Earth Sciences... 

Department of Earth Sciences Oxford University, South Parks Road Oxford, 0X1 3PR, ENGLAND... 

The application of the Diffusion-Adsorption model to dating bone (by AP) was funded by a NERC grant to Robert Hedges at the Research Laboratory for Archaeology, University of Oxford. The U-series date profiles shown here were measured at the NERC U-series dating facility at Open University, and the laser ablation U-series profile was measured at the Research School for Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra in collaboration with Steve Eggins and Rainer Griin. 

The fundamental work to establish the sequence of isotopes in the U and Th decay chains was therefore almost complete by 1913, only 17 years after the first discovery of radioactivity. It would be another 40 years before techniques for the routine measurement of some of these isotopes were developed (as detailed in Edwards et al. 2003) and the U-series isotopes started to see their widespread application to questions in the earth sciences. 

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