Forensic science applications identification

Curcuruto, O., Guidugli, R, Traidi, R, Sturaro, A., Tagliaro, F., and Marigo, M., Ion-trap mass spectrometry applications in forensic sciences. I. Identification of morphine and cocaine in hair extracts of drug addicts. Rapid Commm. Mass Spectrom., 6, 434, 1992. 

Unfortunately, there is at present no available textbook which combines a discussion of the relevent fundamental chemical and biological principles of forensic science with their applications to the identification and comparison of physical evidence. Paul Kirk s recent text (7) does offer a comprehensive insight into forensic techniques. However, although the text is an excellent contribution to forensic literature, it does not entirely fulfill the objectives of the course we have described. 

Fibers represent a special case, as such optical properties as refractive index and birefringence are important not so much for their influence on the appearance or performance of the product but as an aid to fiber identification. Fiber optical properties are considered in Chapter 19. Although similar identification techniques are applicable to transparent plastics in general, such tests are not widely used outside the forensic. science... 

Creatinine. Electrophoresis Principles Isoelectric Focusing. Enzymes Enzymes In Physiological Samples Industrial Products and Processes Enzyme Assays. Forensic Sciences Alcohol In Body Fluids DNA Profiling Systematic Drug Identification Thin-Layer Chromatography. Immunoassays Applications Forensic. Microscopy Applications Forensic. Nucleic Acids Electrochemical Methods. Polymerase Chain Reaction. Spectrophotometry Oven/lew Biochemical Applications. 

See also Chemometrics and Statistics Optimization Strategies. Chromatography Overview Principies. Derivatization of Analytes. Extraction Soivent Extraction Principies Solid-Phase Extraction. Forensic Sciences Systematic Drug Identification. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Hormones Steroids. Liquid Chromatography Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrometry Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Techniques Forensic Applications. 

Following ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography (GC) was one of the first instrumental techniques to help in solving forensic science problems. The early very successful applications included the determination of blood alcohol by direct injection of blood or serum, and the detection and identification of petroleum products in debris from arson cases in 1958/59. The breakthrough of GC in these areas and in drug analysis was an event of the 1960s and the 1970s. 

See also Clinical Analysis Sample Handling. Derivatization of Analytes. Forensic Sciences Systematic Drug Identification Thin-Layer Chromatography. Fourier Transform Techniques. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Forensic Applications. Immunoassays, Applications Clinical Forensic. Liquid Chromatography Normal Phase Reversed Phase. Spectrophotometry Pharmaceutical Applications. 

Forensic science is the application of science to problems encountered in the courts of law. Forensic laboratories specialize in the analysis, identification, and interpretation of physical evidence. Typically, analyses performed in such laboratories are concerned with determining (1) component identification of a sample, (2) quantitation or purity of sample components, or (3) similarities or differences between two or more samples. With automated instrumentation widely available, highly specific mass spectrometry (MS)-based technologies are now the most valuable tools used to achieve these desired analytical goals. 

A comparatively recent and spectacular application of these techniques (pioneered by Jeffreys) has been in the field of forensic science. From as little as 50 mL of blood (or 5 mL of semen), individual specific fingerprints of sections of human DNA can be obtained, thus enabling a completely certain identification of the criminal to be made [36,37]. 

Zhang, D., et al. "Component Analy of Illicit Heroin Samples with GC/MS cmd Its Application in Source Identification." Journal of Forensic Sciences, 49 2004,1-6. 

Massonnet, G., tnd W. Stoeddein. Identification of Organic Pigments in Coatings Applications to Red Automotive Topcoats. Part HI Raman Spectroscopy (NIR FT-Raman). Lausanne, Switzerlcind European Academy of Forensic Sciences, 1997. 

Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterize organic fibers and films since the 1960s. Initially, Raman spectroscopy was used primarily to identify the material in the same way that infrared (IR) spectroscopy was used. Chemical identification and quantification are still used extensively to determine the type of polymer, the type and amount of comonomers, and the type and amount of pigments, dyes, or other additives. This has been used in forensic science, archaeology, competitive analysis, and quality control. The techniques are nearly identical to those used for the identification of other solids and liquids, with minor modifications required by the fibrous or filmlike nature of the materials. This application will be discussed in Section II,... 

The manipulation and treatment of digitized spectra and automatic or semiautomatic identification using databases are of particular importance in this context. Interest is growing in these topics as new portable equipment is being used for in situ analysis in artwork, and in related fields such as extraterrestrial exploration, forensic sciences, or clinical applications [13,14]. 

The Application of Materials Science Methods to Forensic Problems—Principles, Serial Number Recovery, and Paper Identification... 

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