Fatty oleic alcohol

The extract produced an inhibition of 5-aRl and 5-aR2 activities in the presence of free fatty (oleic, lauric, linoleic, and myris-tic) acids only. Esterified fatty acids, alcohols, and sterols assayed were inactive. A specificity of the fatty acids in 5-aRl or 5-aR2 inhibition has been found. Palmitic and stearic acids were inactive on the two isoforms. Lauric acid was active on 5-aRl (lC5o= 17 + 3 iig/mL) and5-aR2 (lC5o= 19 + 9 p,g/mL). The inhibitory activity of myristic acid was evaluated on 5-aR2 only and found active on this isoform (IC50 = 4 2 p,g/mL) ° . LSESr markedly inhibited both isozymes (Kj [type 1] = 8.4 nM and 7.2 p,g/mL, respectively Kj [type 2] = 7.4 nM and 4.9 iig/mL, respectively). Results indicated that LSESr displayed non-competitive inhibition of the type 1 isozyme and uncompetitive inhibition of the type 2 isozyme . 

Other 0X0 reactions of unsaturated functional derivatives (acrylic acid or acrylic esters, polyisobutenes, oleic alcohol, high-molecular fatty acids, etc.) have been described [128, 129, 139-141, 143, 144, 208, 218 h, 236]. 

Latex of the Indian mbber is known to have a number of specific features in its colloid-chemical properties as compared with those ones of synthetic mbber latexes. The main differences are much more sizes of the latex particles that attain 200.0-350.0 nm as well as a specific property of their protective adsorption layer consisting of a set of the natural high-molecular fatty acids, alcohols, resinous acids and protein-like compounds [ 13]. In this case content of the dry substances soluble in water is of about 3.0-3.5 mass % in a virgin latex, according to [13]. This is approximately in accordance with the result of analysis of the investigated latex (2.9 mass %). Fatty acids in latex are presented by oleic, linoleic ones as well as by other carboxyl-containing compounds that have concentration of 1.05-2.05 mass % in the acetone extract for Indian mbber latex. Content of the protein substances in the freshly gathered latex was up to 4.0 mass %, while free amino acids were foimd in the concentration of 0.2 mass %. 

In the initial black Hquor concentration, saponified fatty and resin acid salts separate as tall oil soaps (see Tall oil). These soaps can be skimmed from the aqueous spent Hquor, acidified, and refined to give a cmde tall oil composed of resin acids, chiefly abietic and neoabietic fatty acids, chiefly oleic and Hnoleic and an unsaponifiable fraction made of phytosterols, alcohols, and hydrocarbons. Tall oil is fractionated primarily into fatty acids (see... 

Activators. Activators are chemicals that increase the rate of vulcanization by reacting first with the accelerators to form mbber soluble complexes. These complexes then react with the sulfur to achieve vulcanization. The most common activators are combinations of zinc oxide and stearic acid. Other metal oxides have been used for specific purposes, ie, lead, cadmium, etc, and other fatty acids used include lauric, oleic, and propionic acids. Soluble zinc salts of fatty acid such as zinc 2-ethyIhexanoate are also used, and these mbber-soluble activators are effective in natural mbber to produce low set, low creep compounds used in load-bearing appHcations. Weak amines and amino alcohols have also been used as activators in combination with the metal oxides. 

Sodium Dispersions. Sodium is easily dispersed in inert hydrocarbons (qv), eg, white oil or kerosene, by agitation, or using a homogenizing device. Addition of oleic acid and other long-chain fatty acids, higher alcohols and esters, and some finely divided soHds, eg, carbon or bentonite, accelerate dispersion and produce finer (1—20 -lm) particles. Above 98°C the sodium is present as Hquid spheres. On cooling to lower temperatures, soHd spheres of sodium remain dispersed in the hydrocarbon and present an extended surface for reaction. Dispersions may contain as much as 50 wt % sodium. Sodium in this form is easily handled and reacts rapidly. For some purposes the presence of the inert hydrocarbon is a disadvantage. 

Another type of sulphated product, an ester sulphate, can be prepared by esterifying a fatty acid such as ricinoleic or oleic acid with a short-chain (C3-C5) alcohol and then sulphating. Such products are particularly useful foaming, wetting and emulsifying agents an example is sulphated butyl ricinoleate (9.11). 

Escolar and oilfish contain a mixture of wax esters with different carbon-chain length, mainly C32, C34, C36, and C38, formed by combining different fatty acids and fatty alcohols. The dominant fatty acids in escolar and oilfish wax esters are the monounsaturated fatty acids (Table 1.3), namely oleic acid (18 1 oo9) and eicosenoic acid (20 loo9), while the dominant fatty alcohols are saturated and monoenoic fatty alcohols (Table 1.4), known as cetyl alcohol (16 0) and oleyl alcohol (18 1 9). PUFA, which are trace components in muscle wax esters, are commonly found in wax esters from roe, they include 20 4o)6, 20 5(b3, 22 5cd3 and 22 6 3. These differences could be due to the functional role in muscle for providing buoyancy, while that of roe is to store energy and key essential PUFA for fry development (Lee and Patton, 1989). 

Analytical studies of the tergal secretions of male B. germanica have identified a number of volatile compounds, none of which has so far been subjected to behavioral assays on females. Brossut et al. (1975) found p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, o-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, di- and tri-methylnaphthalene, benzothiazole, two isomers of nonyl phenol, and myristic, palmitic, and oleic acids. The fatty acids constituted > 92% of the volatile fraction given their abundance in feces and frass, and their role as putative aggregation pheromones (Wileyto and Boush, 1983 Fuchs et al., 1985 Wendler and Vlatten, 1993 Scherkenbeck et al., 1999),... 

A wide variety of long-chain fatty acids increase transdermal delivery the most popular is oleic acid. It is relevant that many penetration enhancers contain saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chains and some structure-activity relationships have been drawn from the extensive studies of Aungst et al. [22,23] who employed a range of fatty acids and alcohols, sulfoxides, surfactants, and amides as enhancers for naloxone. From these experiments, it appears that saturated alkyl chain lengths of around Cio to C12 attached to a polar head... 

Fats and oils are triesters of the trivalent alcohol glycerol and three (different) even-numbered aliphatic carboxylic acids, the fatty acids. Fats and oils differ in the length and the number of unsaturated bonds in the carbon chain. The shorter Cio-Ci4-fatty acids are obtained from coconut oil and palm kernel oil. These fatty acids are mostly saturated, and they are used in the manufacture of detergents. Cig-fatty acids are more widely used. Oleic acid, a Cig-fatty acid with an unsaturated bond on the ninth carbon atom, can be produced from many crops. Specific varieties or genetically modified plants, such as rape, have a content of over 90% oleic acid [4]. 

Hard surface cleaners Alkyl benzene sulphonates Alkanolamides Fatty alcohol ethoxylates Potassium oleic acid sulphonate Shorter chain alcohol ether sulphates Detergency high/low foaming... 

The seeds contain about 7% fixed oil consisting mainly of linoleic, oleic and lino-lenic acids. Fenugreek seeds from Andhra Pradesh contained 5.00-6.45% fatty oil (Ramachandraiah et al., 1986). Hot alcohol was reported as the best solvent for extract-... 

Free Fatty Acids (as oleic acid) Determine as directed under Free Fatty Acids, Appendix VII, using 28.2 as the equivalence factor (e) in the calculation for oleic acid. Titrate with the appropriate normality of sodium hydroxide solution, shaking vigorously, to the first permanent pink color of the same intensity as that of the neutralized alcohol (if the sample color interferes, titrate to a pH of 8.5, determined with a suitable instrument). 

Glyceryl Monooleate occurs as a clear liquid at room temperature. It has a mild, fatty taste. It is prepared by esterifying glycerin with food-grade oleic acid in the presence of a suitable catalyst such as aluminum oxide. It also occurs in many animal and vegetable fats such as tallow and cocoa butter. It is soluble in hot alcohol and in chloroform very slightly soluble in cold alcohol, in ether, and in petroleum ether and insoluble in water. It melts at around 15°. It may also contain tri- and diesters. 

Determine the quantity of fatty acids in the residue as follows Dissolve the residue in 50 mL of warm alcohol (containing phenolphthalein TS and previously neutralized with sodium hydroxide to a faint pink color), and titrate with 0.02 N sodium hydroxide to the same color. Each mL of 0.02 N sodium hydroxide is equivalent to 5.659 mg of fatty acids, calculated as oleic acid. 

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