Soluble complex

To understand why AgCl shows a more complex solubility relationship than that suggested by equation 8.2, we must recognize that Ag+ also forms a series of soluble chloro-complexes... 

Rhodium complexes with oxygen ligands, not nearly as numerous as those with amine and phosphine complexes, do, however, exist. A variety of compounds are known, iucluding [Rh(ox)3] [18307-26-1], [Rh(acac)3] [14284-92-5], the hexaaqua ion [Rh(OH2)3] [16920-31 -3], and Schiff base complexes. Soluble rhodium sulfate, Rh2(804 )3-a H2 0, exists iu a yellow form [15274-75-6], which probably coutaius [Rh(H20)3], and a red form [15274-78-9], which contains coordinated sulfate (125). The stmcture of the soluble nitrate [Rh(N03)3 2H20 [10139-58-9] is also complex (126). Another... 

Ammonia NH3 Corrosion of copper and zinc alloys by formation of complex soluble ion Cation exchange with hydrogen zeolite, chlorination, deaeration, mixed-bed demineralization... 

PuI3C2H4 4THF and PuI2C2H3 47/ Iodate complexes, solubility in various... 

Also, from the dendrimer point of view, the introduction of mechanical bonds to dendrimers has an enormous potential to alter the properties of dendrimers in a controlled way. For example, in the synthesis of a Type II rotaxane dendrimers, the wheel components are introduced to the terminal groups of the dendrimers. This can improve the solubility of dendrimer in organic and/or aqueous media due to the formation of complexes soluble in such solvents. 

Tpnnesen, H.H, Masson, M., and Loftsson, T., Studies on curcumin and curcuminoids. XXVII. Cyclodextrin complexation solubility, chemical an photochemical stability, Int. J. Pharm., 244, 127, 2002. 

When painting a wall, better coverage is assured when the roller passes over the same area several times from different directions. It is the opinion of the author that this technique works well in teaching chemistry. Therefore, a second objective has been to stress fundamental principles in the discussion of several topics. For example, the hard-soft interaction principle is employed in discussion of acid-base chemistry, stability of complexes, solubility, and predicting reaction products. Third, the presentation of topics is made with an effort to be clear and concise so that the book is portable and user friendly. 

A consequence of the value of the ligand is that one of the simplest ways to restore catalyst activity is simply to add fresh catalyst precursor. Unfortunately, there are practical limits as the rhodium concentration increases. First one must consider metal complex solubility, particularly in the recycle catalyst solution in a liquid recycle system. Secondly, higher rhodium concentrations favor formation of various types of rhodium clusters.[11] As rhodium increments are added to a partially deactivated cata-... 

Iron salts and complexes soluble in hydrocarbon catalyze oxidation due to the rapid decomposition of forming peroxides into free radicals, for example (see Chapter 10)... 

With the benefit of hindsight, it seems obvious that geology should have become a field of application for physical chemistry. As early as 1851, Robert Bunsen had observed that magmas were solutions and might be treated by the same principles that governed the behavior of aqueous solutions. Minerals did not simply crystallize out of magmas in the reverse order of their fusibilities, but might show the same complex solubility patterns as were exhibited by mixtures of salts in water (20, 21). 

Hansen (2007) has shown that the solubility parameter proposed by Hildebrand and Scott does not take into account the contribution of polar forces and hydrogen bonding, therefore, a more complex solubility parameter has been proposed ... 

As one may expect from the diversity of microorganisms that can reduce iron, the spectrum ranges from bacteria that can use only amorphous Fe(III) hydroxide/oxide (e.g., T. ferrireducens) and apparently require direct contact with the Fe(III) precipitate, as shown by electron micrographs (Slobodkin et al. 1997b), to bacteria that can utilize various forms of Fe(III) ion as precipitated hydroxide or as complexed soluble ions, such as Fe(III) citrate, to bacteria such as T. saccharolyticum that can use only soluble Fe(III) citrate but are stimulated by the addition of increased Fe(III) ions. Further studies must to be done to elucidate the nature and which of the bacteria excrete electron mediators (so no direct contact would be required) and which contain cell-wall-bound reductases (which require a direct contact with the Fe(III) precipitate). 

General Aspects of Metal Complex Solubility in SCCO2. 119... 

The use of modifiers, either by addition or in terms of a chemical modification, is applicable for overcoming the limitation of low complex solubility. 

A common feature of the solubihty curves, as outlined in Fig. 16, is the exponential increase with the pressure due to the increasing density of CO2. From the solubility measurements [125], it can be concluded that the modification of phosphines by fluorous substituents is not necessarily required to reach sufficient solubilities of the corresponding metal complexes in SCCO2. In particular, alkyl substitution on phosphorus promotes complex solubility. Additional aryl groups, e.g., in lb and 4b, cause a reduced solubility of the corresponding complexes. Moreover, trans-Co2(CO)6 (PC6H5)3 2 (7b) is completely insoluble in SCCO2. 

The additional presence of 1-nonanal serves as model for the formation of the linear hydroformylation product of 1-octene and its influence on catalyst solubility. The aldehyde lowers the complex solubility further (Fig. 19) as compared to the mixture with olefln only. 

However, it was also discovered that many organic substances, mainly weak acids, could complex metals in the aqueous phase to form a complex soluble in organic solvents. A typical reaction can be written... 

Solid-state supramolecular complexes, see Su-pramolecular copper(l)/silver(I) complexes Solubility products, 17 215 Soluble methane monooxygenase protein system, 42 263-286 hydroxylation... 

It was already noted that the presence of excessive moisture on the surface of pellets during spheronization could lead to uncontrolled agglomeration. This effect could be minimized by adding adsorbents like colloidal silicon dioxide or talc to the spheronizing pellets, increasing viscosity of binding fluid and complexing soluble materials in the mixture. As in... 

Odta — see Acetic acid, octamethylenediaminetetra-Optical resolution amine metal complexes, 25 Ore-forming solutions metal sulfides, 525 Organometallic complexes solubility... 

---