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Experimental Modeling

Recognizing that dynamic similarity can not be achieved, general quantitative predictions from laboratory models are not possible. It has often been found, however, that laboratory modeling is still valuable. The qualitative results obtained are often quite instructive. Additionally, many of the techniques applied in the laboratory can be adapted and applied to full scale mixing tests in actual industrial equipment. [Pg.191]

Thimol blue, which shows up better in video photography, is another good choice of indicator. [Pg.192]

These experiments show how fast tracer mixes with the bulk. On the other hand, we are primarily interested in the steady state spatial distribution of solute concentration. In experiments with a 1 m diameter model crystallizer with a 0.7 m draft tube (Jacobs [Pg.192]

To fully convert the temporal information from tracer experiments to the spatial distribution of continuous feed injection requires a knowledge of the entire flow field in the vessel. Of course, we do not now have this information in general. It is necessary then to either measure or model the flow field before these results can be fully interpreted. In the interim, tracer experiments are useful in developing mathematical models, model verification, and also in estimating model adjustable parameters. [Pg.192]

The above technique can of course be applied quite easily to characterize mixing conditions in laboratory scale equipment, but can also in principle be applied to characterize the mixing performance of full scale equipment. [Pg.192]


Tailoring polymeric systems to suit an experimental model. [Pg.124]

Fish have many advantages as experimental models in the study of endocrine disruption, and although they do have some significant differences in their endocrine system to that of mammals, the underlying basis is very similar. Chemicals which are shown to be either actual or potential endocrine disrupters... [Pg.46]

These FI ratios allow the following relationships to he made between the performance characteristics found for a small-scale experimental model and a full-scale prototype ... [Pg.375]

Bradykinin stimulates natriuresis and, through stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis, inhibits the actions of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), thereby inhibiting water retention. Bradykinin further improves insulin sensitivity and cellular glucose utilization of skeletal muscle cells in experimental models. This, however, appears not to be relevant in the clinical context. [Pg.10]

This design was closely followed in the experimental model and in the later instruments. The experimental model (October, 1940) had as test body a dumbbell of two thin-walled glass spheres 4 mm. in diameter sealed to a glass rod 6 mm. long. A silica fiber 8 fi in diameter was stretched between the prongs of a silica fork, and the glass dumbbell was cemented with shellac to the middle of the fiber, perpendicular to it. A plane glass mirror 2 mm. square was also cemented near the middle of the fiber. The suspension was balanced... [Pg.670]

Desi I, Nagymajtenyi L, Papp A, et al. 1998. Experimental model studies of pesticide exposure. Neurotoxicology 19 611-616. [Pg.201]

Kaiser, W.M., Schroppel-Meier, G. Wirth, E. (1986). Enzyme activities in an artificial stroma medium An experimental model for studying effects of dehydration on photosynthesis. Planta, 167, 292-9. [Pg.177]

In parallel with the identification of distinct transporters for GABA there has been continued interest in the development of selective blockers of these transporters and the therapeutic potential that could result from prolonging the action of synaptically released GABA. It has been known for a long time that certain pro-drugs of nipecotic add (e.g. nipecotic acid ethyl ester) are able to cross the blood-brain barrier and are effective anticonvulsants in experimental models of epilepsy. More recently, several different systemically active lipophillic compounds have been described that act selectively on GAT-1, GAT-2 or GAT-3 (Fig. 11.4). Of these, tiagabine (gabitiil), a derivative of nipecotic acid that acts preferentially on GAT -1, has proved clinically useful in cases of refractory epilepsy. [Pg.231]

Since PD is caused by a relatively specific degeneration of the DA nigrostriatal tract and as there are specific toxins, for DA neurons, i.e. 6-OHDA and MPTP, it should be possible to produce appropriate experimental models. Certainly both toxins cause rotational behaviour in rats (Fig. 7.7) but no rodent shows a syndrome suggestive of PD. Tremor and akinesia can be seen, however, in primates after such toxins and these are being more widely used in experimental studies of PD and drug evaluation. Reserpine causes a depletion of all brain monoamines and produces motor defects in rats, which, even if not PD-like, do respond to DA manipulation. [Pg.300]

There are few experimental models. Even if appropriate lesions could be produced it will always be difficult to tell if an animal is experiencing hallucinations. Neuroleptics... [Pg.356]

There are two main approaches to research into anxiety. The first is to establish experimental models of anxiety in animals and humans in order to discover its neurobiological basis. The second is to investigate the actions of anti-anxiety drugs in the brain in the hope that this will give some clues to the cause(s) of anxiety. This chapter will discuss evidence from both these lines of research. [Pg.395]

The simplest experimental model of carcinogenesis is the three-stage model (Pitot and Dragan, 1994) consisting of ... [Pg.24]

A similar experimental model (P-carotene, toluene, 60°C, oxygen, 120 min) was later tested by Handetman et al. Using HPLC and mass analysis, the authors could... [Pg.181]

In the second oxidation method, a metalloporphyrin was used to catalyze the carotenoid oxidation by molecular oxygen. Our focus was on the experimental modeling of the eccentric cleavage of carotenoids. We used ruthenium porphyrins as models of cytochrome P450 enzymes for the oxidation studies on lycopene and P-carotene. Ruthenium tetraphenylporphyrin catalyzed lycopene oxidation by molecular oxygen, producing (Z)-isomers, epoxides, apo-lycopenals, and apo-lycopenones. [Pg.185]

Regarding the prevalence of pectinolytic enzymes in the soft rot symptoms, it is noteworthy that the experimental model developed on African violets stresses the dynamic aspect of the disease and illustrates a number of points which have long been questioned. [Pg.879]

Very early during research into the anodic oxidation of methanol in the 1960s, it was repeatedly attempted to build experimental models of methanol-oxygen or methanol-air fuel cells. Most of these studies were conducted in snlfnric acid solntions... [Pg.366]

Ornskov, E.,. Gottfries, M. Erickson, S. Folestad. Experimental modelling of drug membrane permeability by capillary electrophoresis using liposomes, micelles and microemulsions./. Pharm. Pharmacol. 2005, 57, 435 2. [Pg.355]

The most extensive evidence that supports a role for free radicals in pathological conditions of the brain is provided by studies on experimental models of cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion. Although a burst of free-radical production occurs during the reperfusion phase after temporary cerebral ischaemia, the contribution of this radical burst to brain cell death can not be directly quantified. Perhaps the best way to quantify the contribution of free radicals to brain damage after ischaemia/ reperfusion is to assess damage after treatment with free-radical scavengers or antioxidants. Numerous studies have been reported where free-radical scavengers/ antioxidants have been used to try to ameliorate brain... [Pg.79]


See other pages where Experimental Modeling is mentioned: [Pg.106]    [Pg.240]    [Pg.155]    [Pg.492]    [Pg.437]    [Pg.121]    [Pg.27]    [Pg.30]    [Pg.221]    [Pg.341]    [Pg.930]    [Pg.468]    [Pg.980]    [Pg.389]    [Pg.124]    [Pg.232]    [Pg.67]    [Pg.30]    [Pg.121]    [Pg.311]    [Pg.58]    [Pg.113]    [Pg.329]    [Pg.45]    [Pg.201]    [Pg.309]    [Pg.116]    [Pg.181]    [Pg.408]   


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Absorption, distribution, metabolism experimental models

Active Site Models Experimental Considerations

Animal models experimental data

Animal models experimental studies

Autoimmunity experimental models

Avrami model experimental results

Cell model experimental verification

Central nervous system neuronal experimental models

Chemical model determination experimental error

Clinical Relevance of Data Derived from Experimental Models

Colitis experimental/model

Comparing micromechanical models with experimental data

Comparison between Experimental Results Obtained with Hydroxylated Polyacids and some Theoretical Models

Comparison of Modeling and Experimental Results

Comparison of model and experimental

Comparison of model and experimental data

Comparison of model and experimental results

Comparison of the Modified Campbell-Dontula Model with Experimental Data

Curve crossing model experimental data

Demyelination experimental models

Dispositional studies, experimental models

EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION AND TESTING OF FLUX MODELS

Experimental (model) studies

Experimental Carcinogenesis Modeling

Experimental Conditions for Appropriate Kinetic Modeling

Experimental Data and Mathematical Models

Experimental Designs for Modeling

Experimental Evidence for Models of Molecular Forces

Experimental Models of Renal Failure

Experimental Prerequisites for a Model of

Experimental Results and Modeling

Experimental Setup and Numerical Model

Experimental Substantiation of the Model

Experimental Support of Model Assumptions

Experimental Test of Bridge-assisted Electron Transfer Models

Experimental Testing of the Electron Transfer Models

Experimental Validation of Column Models

Experimental Validation of SMB Models

Experimental Verification of Model Prediction

Experimental Verification of the Cell Model

Experimental data empirical models from

Experimental data modeling

Experimental data modeling alternating least squares

Experimental data modeling chromatography

Experimental data modeling neural networks

Experimental data modeling principal component analysis

Experimental data, model

Experimental design mathematical model

Experimental design model matrix

Experimental design modeling

Experimental design postulated model

Experimental mixing models

Experimental model equipment scheme and procedure

Experimental model inputs (chapter

Experimental model of infection

Experimental model validation

Experimental models

Experimental models

Experimental models basic statistical measures

Experimental models coordinate systems

Experimental models design

Experimental models experiment

Experimental models hypothesis testing

Experimental models linear model

Experimental models of biological membranes

Experimental models of lead administration

Experimental models results

Experimental models, development

Experimental research on the type of morphological model

Experimental systems circuit model

Experimental tests of the classical model

Experimental tests of the quark-parton model

Experimental validation of the sensing model

Experimental validation of the speed model

Experimentation and Kinetic Model for a Fed-Batch Vessel

Factorial model experimental design

Fitting Dynamic Models to Experimental Data

Fitting Model to Experimental Data

Fitting the Model to Experimental Data

Human liver microsomes experimental models

In vivo Experimental Models for Cardiovascular Safety Pharmacology

Kinetic model of the photoinitiated polymerization and its comparison with experimental data

Kinetic models, simplified experimental methods

Lung cancer experimental mouse models

Maxwell model stresses observed experimentally

Metabolism) experimental models

Model Based on the Rate Equation and Experimental Data

Model predictions and experimental data

Modeling and Experimental Analysis of Single Electrode Particles

Modeling and Experimental Set-up

Modeling and Experimental Validation

Modeling and experimentation

Modeling of Biochemical Networks and Experimental Design

Modeling of experimental data

Modelling experimental

Modelling experimental

Modelling, of experimental data

Models experimental evidence

Multiple sclerosis model experimental allergic

Numerical modelling experimental approach

Numerical modelling experimental error

Numerical modelling experimental measurement

Parameter Estimation from Experimental Data and Finer Scale Models

Parton model experimental tests

Peptides peptide array experimental model

Psoriasis experimental model

Response in Experimental Models

Rheumatoid arthritis experimental models

Sequential Experimental Design for Model Discrimination

Sequential experimental design rival models

Skeletal muscles experimental model

Stirred Tank Modeling Using Experimental Data

Structure-property relationships experimental models

Surfactants in Solution Experimental Observations and Models

System, description experimental models

Tacrolimus experimental model

Toxicokinetics experimental models

Two-phase model predictions and experimental observations

Water model experimental design

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