Comparison of Modeling and Experimental Results

Experimental results for the effective specific heat capacity were obtained by DSC tests in [6]. MXB-360 (phenol-formaldehyde resin) with a 73.5% mass fraction of glass fibers was used in those tests. and were given in [6] as follows  

according to ASTM E1269 (American Society for Testing and Materials), was also used to measure the effective specific capacity of an E-glass fiber polyester composite material [21]. For the DSC experiments, powder was ground from 6 mm laminates. Two specimens of virgin material (13.7 and 12.0mg) were tested by a DSC analyzer (DSC QIOOO, TA insttument, Inc.) from ambient temperature 

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Fig. 24. Comparison of model and experimental results using an integrated density and step height dependent model [48].

Comparison of Model and Experimental Results. Modeling a wide variety of different experimental conditions while varying the rate constant for the HO + HOSO2 reaction, demonstrated that the results were not significantly affected by the choice of this rate constant up to a value of 1 x 1010 cnw/s. The experimental results shown in Figure 1 were obtained with NO added to the reaction system for the final IS ms prior to HO detection. Model results for this type of experiment were found to to largely unaffected by the choice of the rate constant for the HOSO2 + NO reaction. 

Fig. 17. Comparison of model and experimental results. Carbon number effects on olefin and paraffin chain termination probability (experimental/model same as in Fig. 16).

Stonesifer R.B., Rybicki E.F., McCabe D.E. Warm prestress modeling Comparison of models and experimental results. Material engineering associates, NUREG/CR-5208, MEA-2305 (1989)... 

Ruijgrok, W., H. Tieben, and P. Eisinga, The dry deposition of particles to a forest canopy A comparison of model and experimental results. Atmospheric Environment, 1997.31(3) 399-415. 

Figure 5.12. Comparison of predicted and experimental results for simplified two-layer model (3.5 mm...

Dahnke S, Swamy K, Keil F (1999) Modeling of three-dimensional pressure fields in sonochemical reactors with an inhomogeneous density distribution of cavitation bubbles. Comparison of theoretical and experimental results. Ultrason Sonochem 6 31-41... 

Fig. 5.78. Comparison of theoretical and experimental results using the model of Esener et...

Figure 1 shows a comparison of the model results with the experimental results. The three curves shown in the plot correspond to three different values of the rate constant for the HOSO + O2 reaction upper - 8 x 10-13, middle - 4 x IO13, and lower - 2 x 10"13 cm3/s. Similar comparisons between model and experimental results have been made for a wide variety of other experimental conditions. Based upon such comparisons, we have concluded that a rate constant of (4 )x lu-13 cm3/s gives the best match between the experimental and model results, in both an absolute sense and based upon the shape of the O2 titration results. Since there is greater uncertainty in the absolute concentrations of HO radicals than there is in the trend of the HO concentrations with increasing O2, the comparison of the shapes of the experimental and model O2 titration profiles may provide a reliable basis for comparison. 

The carbon di oxi de/lemon oil P-x behavior shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6 is typical of binary carbon dioxide hydrocarbon systems, such as those containing heptane (Im and Kurata, VO, decane (Kulkarni et al., 1 2), or benzene (Gupta et al., 1 3). Our lemon oil samples contained in excess of 64 mole % limonene so we modeled our data as a reduced binary of limonene and carbon dioxide. The Peng-Robinson (6) equation was used, with critical temperatures, critical pressures, and acentric factors obtained from Daubert and Danner (J 4), and Reid et al. (J 5). For carbon dioxide, u> - 0.225 for limonene, u - 0.327, Tc = 656.4 K, Pc = 2.75 MPa. It was necessary to vary the interaction parameter with temperature in order to correlate the data satisfactorily. The values of d 1 2 are 0.1135 at 303 K, 0.1129 at 308 K, and 0.1013 at 313 K. Comparisons of calculated and experimental results are given in Figures 4, 5, and 6. 

Theoretical expressions for spin-lattice relaxation of 2H nuclei (determined by locally axially symmetric quadrupolar interactions modulated by molecular motions) can be derived for specific dynamic processes, allowing the correct dynamic model to be established by comparison of theoretical and experimental results [34,35]. In addition, T, anisotropy effects, which can be revealed using a modified inversion recovery experiment, can also be informative with regard to establishing the dynamic model [34,35]. 

Ricchiazzi, A.J. and Barb, J.C., A Tentative Model for Predicting the Terminal Ballistic Effects of Blunt Fragments Against Single and Spaced Targets, A Comparison of Predicted and Experimental Results, BRL Memorandum Report 257, ... 

Taber L.A. and Steele C.R. 1979. Comparison of WKB and experimental results for three-dimensional cochlear models. /. Acoust. Soc. Am. 65 1007-1018. 

In recent years, several computer simulations have been performed for the dynamics of rodlike polymers in concentrated solutions [119-123], using various models and methods. Although the models used are not necessarily realistic, the simulation gives us information about the quantities of theoretical importance but not experimentally measurable (e.g., DB and D ). Furthermore, the comparison between simulation and experimental results may reveal the factors mainly responsible for the dynamics under study. 

The model and the results presented here illustrate the physicochemical processes involved in char gasification with simultaneous sulfur capture. In particular, they demonstrate that diffusion limitations in the gasification reactions enable the conversion of CaO to CaS within the char even though CaS formation is not feasible at bulk gas conditions. Furthermore, this first version of the model correctly predicts the trends observed experimentally. Future effort in this area will focus on quantitative comparisons of model predictions with results from carefully designed gasification experiments. 

The results of a newly proposed model for adsorption at the oxide/water interface are discussed. The modeling approach is similar to other surface complexation schemes, but mass-law equations are corrected for the effect of the electrostatic field. In this respect, this model bridges the gap between those models that emphasize physical interactions. The general applicability of the model is demonstrated with comparisons of calculations and experimental data for adsorption of metal ions, anions, and metal-ligand complexes. Intrinsic ionization and surface complexation constants can be determined with an improved double extrapolation technique. 

The proper comparison of correlation functions of models with experimental results is important and nontrivial. To avoid an all-too-common superficial comparison, refer to the work of Wright et al. [17,39]. 

Figure 12.29 Comparison of theoretical and experimental displacement separations of resorcinol and catechol by phenol. Calculations using the equilibrium-dispersive model, the LeVan- Vermeulen isotherm model, and single-component adsorption data. Experimental results on a 4.6x250 CIS Nucleosil 5 fim column, F = 0.4 carrier, water, Fj, = 0.2 mL/min, T = 20°C 1 1 mixture, = 0.5 mL displacer, 80 g/L phenol in water = 30%, Lf = 16.5%. (a) Calculation with LeVan-Vermeulen isotherm, (b) Calculation with quadratic isotherm, three floating parameters, (c) Calculation with competitive Langmuir isotherm, single-component isotherm parameters, (d) Calculation with Langmuir isotherm, best adjusted parameters. Reproduced with permission from. C. Bellot and J.S. Condoret, J. Chromatogr., 657 (1994) (Figs. 3c, 4c, 6c, 8c) 305.

The above study is not complete in that the comparision of theoretical and experimental results was made only at a single value of Q/l ( = 53.3 [(ml/hr)/cm]). However, for natural icicles Q I does not necessarily take a definite value since the values of Q, radii R, and / = 2kR vary depending on the surrounding environmental conditions. In the present paper, we present the observation result showing the relation between the wavelength of ripples and the diameter, and the computational result of the wavelength of ripples for various values of Q L More detailed comparison of previous models is also made in particular reference to the difference in boundary conditions. 

Enwald H, Peirano E, Ahnstedt A-E (1996) Eulerian Two-Phase Flow Theory Applied to Fluidization. Int J Multiphase Flow 22(Supplement) 21-66 Enwald H, Almstedt AE (1999) Fluid dynamics of a pressurized fluidized bed Comparison between numerical solutions from two-fluid models and experimental results. Chem Eng Sci 54 329-342... 

A more realistic and useful result of modeling would be a qualitative description and interpretation of phenomena, which are of principal importance for the behavior of the system. Therefore, the predictive power of the model is the main criterion of its usefulness. In other words, the model should be considered as adequate if it provides a description and prediction of qualitative effects and phenomena that have been and/or can be experimentally observed. From this point of view, the development of the most efficient criteria for the comparison of simulated and experimental data is essential. 

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