Autoimmunity experimental models

Weigle, W.O. (1980). Analysis of autoimmunity through experimental models of thyroiditis and allergic encephalomyelitis. Adv. Immunol. 30 159-275. 

Annexin 1 is up-regulated in multiple sclerosis and in an experimental model of the disease (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis-EAE) intracerebroven-tricular administration of annexin 1 proved to be neuroprotective. Annexin 1 is present in both macrophages and astrocytes localised in the lesions (Bolton et al., 1990 Huntinga et al, 1998). In experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), a model for human Guillain-Barre syndrome, increased annexin 1 expression was also observed in macrophages and T-cells in the inflamed sciatic nerve (Gold et al., 1999). 

To understand the role of the different constituents of oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells, and myelin, and the cellular interactions, it is necessary to consider each constituent and the abnormalities that occur in experimental models and in human pathology. Each specific compound of myelin, and many factors involved in myeli-nation, can give rise to genetic diseases or autoimmune diseases. There are many animal models and human diseases that help in understanding the demyelination process. 

Lublin F (1996) Experimental models of autoimmune demyelinadon. In Handbook of Muldple Sclerosis (Cook SD, ed), pp 119—143. Mondcello, NY Marcel Dekker, hic. 

In experimental models, the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A blocks T-cell signalling pathways by inhibiting the phosphatase calcineurin and may induce autoimmunity by impairing central tolerance... 

An experimental model of metal-induced autoimmunity and nephropathy has been developed in the BN rat, which is genetically predisposed to develop Th2-type of immune response. In the BN rat, the injections of... 

In the preceding section, the effects of thymic hormones in animal models of primary immunodeficiency were discussed. In addition, there are several experimental models for secondary immunodeficiencies, such as neoplasia, aging, autoimmune disease, and infectious diseases, that may provide useful information regarding the eventual clinical use of the thymic hormones. 

Increased renal TXA2 levels have recently been implicated in the inexorable progression of induced and spontaneous experimental models of renal injury and has been documented in several clinical studies of patients with loss of renal function. In the second section of this chapter, we will discuss the role of thromboxane in renal injury, the source of enhanced generation of this metabolite, the rationale and data for using omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish oil, to regulate eicosanoids and protect from autoimmune and cyclosporine-induced renal damage. 

Escribese MM, Conde E, Martin A et al. 2007. Therapeutic effect of all-trans-mimoic acid (at-RA) on an autoimmune nephritis experimental model Role of the VLA-4 integrin. BMC Nephrol. 8 3. 

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