Modeling and Experimental Validation

Fig. 6. Examples of types of meshes developed to resolve laminar flow around particles (a) Chimera grid. Reprinted, with permission, from the Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, Volume 31 1999 by Annual Reviews www.annualreviews.org (b) Unstructured grid with layers of prismatic cells on particle surfaces. Reprinted from Chemical Engineering Science, Vol. 56, Calis et al., CFD Modeling and Experimental Validation of Pressure Drop and Flow Profile in a Novel Structured Catalytic Reactor Packing, pp. 1713-1720, Copyright (2001), with permission from Elsevier.

Yanniotis, S. and P. A. Pilavachi. Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Validation of an Absorber-Driven Multiple Effect Evaporator. Chem Eng Technol 19 448-455 (1996). 

Because the reaction in a CL requires three-phase boundaries (or interfaces) among Nafion (for proton transfer), platinum (for catalysis), and carbon (for electron transfer), as well as reacfanf, an optimized CL structure should balance electrochemical activity, gas transport capability, and effective wafer management. These goals are achieved through modeling simulations and experimental investigations, as well as the interplay between modeling and experimental validation. 

Sundmacher K, Uhde G, Hoffmann U. Multiple reactions in catalytic distillation processes for the production of fuel oxygenates MTBE and TAME analysis by rigorous model and experimental validation. Chem Eng Sci 1999 54 2839-2847. 

Wang, L., Multi-Scale Mass Transfer Model and Experimental Validation for Heterogeneous Gas-Solid Two-Phase Flow, Ph.D. thesis (in Chinese), Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing (2002). 

Cabrera, C.R., Finlayson, B., Yager, R, Formation of natural pH gradients in a microfluidic device under flow conditions model and experimental validation. Anal. Chem. 2001, 73(3), 658-666. 

Schmidt-Traub, H., Gorak, A. (Eds.) Integrated Reaction and Separation Operations. Modelling and experimental validation. Springer, Berlin, 2006. 

Celik L, Sinning S, Seveiinsen K, Hansen CG, Moller MS, Bols M, Wiborg O, Schiott B (2008) Binding of serotonin to the human serotonin transporter. Molecular modeling and experimental validation. J Am Chem Soc 130 3853-3865... 

Stephan, P. (2002) Microscale Evaporative Heat Transfer Modelling and Experimental Validation, Proceedings of 12 International Heat Transfer Conference, Paper No. 08-KNL-02, Vol. Lpp-315-327. 

Nikolakis V, Kokkoli E, Tirrell M, Tsapatsis M, Vlachos DG (2000) Zeolite growth by addition of subcolloidal particles Modeling and experimental validation. Chem Mater 12 845-853 Nrrnzr F, Woudstra M, Campese D, Borricel J, Morin D, Braschi M (1993) Amino acid sequence of rasticyanin from Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and its comparison with other blue copper proteiirs. Biochim Biophys Acta 1162 28-34... 

Nikolakis, V. Kokkoli, E. Tirrell, M. Tsapatsis, M. Vlachos, D.G. Zeolite growth by addition of subcolloidal particles modeling and experimental validation. Chem. Mater. 2000, 12, 845-853. 

P.A. Colegrove and H.R. Shercliff, Development of the Trivex Eriction Stir Welding Tool, Part I 2-Dimensional Row Modeling and Experimental Validation, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., Vol 9 (No. 

Thormann, W., Molteni, S., Stoffel, E., Mosher, R.A., and Chmelfk, J., Computer modeling and experimental validation of the dynamics of capillary isoelectric focusing with electroosmotic zone displacement, AwflZ. MefZiOfiZi/wifrMm., 1, 177, 1993. 

Kufereva, I., Stephens, B. S., Holden, L. G., Qin, L., Zhao, C., Kawamura, T., etal. (2014). Stoichiometry and geometry of the CXC chemokine receptor 4 complex with CXC ligand 12 Molecular modeling and experimental validation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111, E5363—E5372. 

Ding OL, Chan SH (2008) Autothermal reforming of methane gas—modelling and experimental validation. Int J Hydrogen Energy 33 633-643... 

PalabhanviB, Kumar V, Muthuraj M, Das D Preferential utilization ofintraceUnlarnutrients supports microalgal growth under nutrient starvation multi-nutrient mechanistic model and experimental validation, Bioresour Technol 173 245—255, 2014. 

Hamidipour, M., Chen, J., and Larachi, E (2012), CFD study on hydrodynamics in three-phase fluidized beds—Application of turbulence models and experimental validation, Chemical Engineering Science, 78(0) 167-180. 

Andreadis G, Tsiakaras P (2006) Ethanol crossover and direct ethanol PEM fuel cell performance modeling and experimental validation. Chem Eng Sci 61 7497-7508... 

Pramanik H, Basu S (2010) Modeling and experimental validation of overpotentials of a direct ethanol fuel cell. Chem Eng Process 49 635-642... 

Izzo I, Accoto D, Menciassi A, Schmitt L, Dario P (2007) Modeling and experimental validation of a piezoelectric micropump with novel no-moving-part valves. Sens Actuators A 133(1) 128-140... 

Fang, Y., Pence, T. J. and Tan, X. (2011). Fiber-directed conjugated-polymer torsional actuator Nonlinear elasticity modeling and experimental validation, lEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 16, pp. 656-664. 

M. Vogler, W. G. Bessler, J. Wamatz, A. Bieberle, and L. J. Gauckler. Towards an understanding of Ni anodes in solid oxide fuel cells Electrochemical modeling and experimental validation using patterned anodes. In 7th European SOFC Forum, Lucerne, Switzerland. 2006. 

Schmidt-Traub H and G6rak A (2006), Introduction , in Schmidt-Traub H and Gorak A eds.. Integrated reaction and separation operations, Modelling and experimental validation. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. Ch.l. 

Chalakov, L., Rihko-Struckmann, L. K., Munder, B., Sundmacher, K. (2(X)9). Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane in an electrochemical packed-bed membrane reactor model and experimental validation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 145(3), 385—392. 

Peksen, M., Peters, R., Blum, L., and Stolten, D. (2010) Component design in SOFC technology 3D computational continuum mechanics modelling and experimental validation of a planar type Pre-heater, presented at the 7th Symposium on Fuel Cell Modelling and Experimental Validation, Morges (Lausanne), Switzerland. 

The reactive distillation processes which combine reaction and gas liquid separation are of increasing interest for scientific investigation and industrial application. Nowadays, simulation and design of multi component reactive distillation is carried out using the non equilibrium stage model (NEQ model) due to the limitation of conventional equilibrium stage efficiency calculations for equilibrium model (Lee Dudukovic (1998), Baur al. (2000), Taylor Krishna (1993), and Wesselingh (1997)). So, the NEQ model is developed by numerous authors. But there is a lack of experimental data in order to validate the model. Some input/output measurements are available but they provide little information about the behaviour inside the column. With this in mind, our paper is focus on the NEQ models and experimental validation. 

Jarvinen, M. and Zevenhoven, R. Black liquor Devolatilization and Swelling Detailed Droplet Model and Experimental Validation , Behaviour of Inorganic Material in Recovery Boilers Conference, Ben harbour, Maine(USA). 

Neyerlin KC, Gu W, Jome J, Clark A, Gasteiger HA (2007) Cathode catalyst utilization for the ORR in a PEMFC - analytical model and experimental validation. J Electrochem Soc... 

Schultz T, Sundmacher K. Mass, charge and energy transport phenomena in a potymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) used in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modelling and experimental validation of fluxes. J Membrane Sci 2006 276 272-85. 

Scott K, Pilditch S, Mamlouk M (2007) Modelling and experimental validation of a high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell. J Appl Electrochem 37 1245-1259... 

Ubong EU, Shi Z, Wang X (2008) A-3D-modeling and experimental validation of a high temperature PBI based PEMFC. ECS Trans 16 79-90... 

Siegel C, Bandlamudi G, Beckhaus P et al (2009) Segmented current and temperature measurement in a HTPEM fuel cell. In Proceedings of the 6th symposium on fuel cell modelling and experimental validation, Bad Herrenalb/Karlsruhe... 

Malek, K., Eikerling, M., Wang, Q., Liu, Z., Otsuka, S., Akizuki, K., and Abe, M. 2008. Nanophase segregation and water dynamics in hydrated Nafion Molecular modeling and experimental validation, 129, 204702. 

---