Elemental mass spectrometry inductively coupled plasma

See also Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Principles and Instrumentation. Atomic Emission Spectrometry Inductively Coupled Plasma. Atomic Mass Spectrometry Inductively Coupled Plasma. Capillary Electrophoresis Overview. Elemental Speciation ... 

See also Analytical Reagents Purification. Arsenic. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Electrotfiermal. Atomic Mass Spectrometry Inductively Coupled Plasma. Dioxins. Elemental Speciation Oven/iew. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals. Geochemistry Sediment. Humic and Fulvic Compounds. Isotope Dilution Analysis. Mass... 

See also Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Interferences and Background Correction. Atomic Emission Spectrometry Principles and Instrumentation Interferences and Background Correction Flame Photometry Inductively Coupled Plasma Microwave-Induced Plasma. Atomic Mass Spectrometry Inductively Coupled Plasma Laser Microprobe. Countercurrent Chromatography Solvent Extraction with a Helical Column. Derivatization of Analytes. Elemental Speciation Overview Practicalities and Instrumentation. Extraction Solvent Extraction Principles Solvent Extraction Multistage Countercurrent Distribution Microwave-Assisted Solvent Extraction Pressurized Fluid Extraction Solid-Phase Extraction Solid-Phase Microextraction. Gas Chromatography Ovenriew. Isotope Dilution Analysis. Liquid Chromatography Ovenriew. 

The solubility, or rather the total concentration, of an element in solution is an entity that is typically not too complicated to determine with techniques (e.g. mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma etc.) that are common tools in most laboratories. Often, the total concentration of a metal in a system is dominated by hydrolysis reactions and can be expressed as... 

If a sample solution is introduced into the center of the plasma, the constituent molecules are bombarded by the energetic atoms, ions, electrons, and even photons from the plasma itself. Under these vigorous conditions, sample molecules are both ionized and fragmented repeatedly until only their constituent elemental atoms or ions survive. The ions are drawn off into a mass analyzer for measurement of abundances and mJz values. Plasma torches provide a powerful method for introducing and ionizing a wide range of sample types into a mass spectrometer (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP/MS). 

Soil samples were sieved to two size fractions <63 pm and <2 mm. Samples were analyzed for multi-element geochemistry by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) following a near total 4-acid digestion. 

G. Horlick and Y. Shao, Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for elemental analysis, in Inductively Coupled Plasmas in Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, ed. A. Montaser and D. W. Golighly, VCH, Weinheim, 1992, Chapter 12, pp. 551-612. 

To refine potential Olivella source zones to more specific sections of the coastline, we have employed two different archaeometric techniques, including determination of elemental composition by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the use of carbon and oxygen stable isotopes using an isotope ratio-mass spectrometer (IR-MS) (38). Each of these techniques is described below, and the final section evaluates and compares their utility in sourcing Olivella shell beads. 

Coal contains several elements whose individual concentrations are generally less than 0.01%. These elements are commonly and collectively referred to as trace elements. These elements occur primarily as part of the mineral matter in coal. Hence, there is another standard test method for determination of major and minor elements in coal ash by ICP-atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (ASTM D-6357). The test methods pertain to the determination of antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, and zinc (as well as other trace elements) in coal ash. 

This multiauthored book aims at highlighting the role played by atomic and mass spectrometry (with particular reference to atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) in supporting and promoting research and control of foodstuffs and food commodities as regards both essential and potentially toxic chemical elements. The progress made so far in this field is overviewed and emphasis is put on the open problems that require further investment and development in the public and private sectors. 

Keywords Trace elements Radionuclides Environment Water Soil Aerosol Plant Neutron activation analysis Atomic absorption spectrometry Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry X-ray fluorescence Electrochemical methods Speciation... 

Feng, X., Wu, S., Wharmby, A., and Wittmeier, A., "Microwave Digestion of Plant and Grain Standard Reference Materials in Nitric and Hydrofluoric Acids for Multi-Elemental Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry," J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 14,1999, pp. 939-946. 

The objective of this symposium and this book is to acquaint the readers with the latest advances in the field of elemental analysis and to focus on what avenues of future research to explore in this area. The subjects included are various elemental analysis techniques such as atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma emission and mass spectrometry, isotope dilution mass spectrometry. X-ray fluorescence, ion chromatography, gas chromatography-atomic emission detection, other hyphenated techniques, hetero-atom microanalysis, sample preparation, reference materials, and other subjects related to matrices such as petroleum products, lubricating oils and additives, crude oils, used oils, catalysts, etc. 

Although originally FIA was conceived as a special technique for delivery of a sample segment into the instrument, the combination of flow injection as a sample pretreatment tool with atomic spectrometry has been shown to be of great potential for enhancing the selectivity and sensitivity of the measurements. Moreover, contamination problems are reduced due to the closed system used, making this interface suitable for ultratrace determination of metal species. Hyphenated techniques such as FIA/ SIA with flame atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-optical emission spectrometry, and ICP-mass spectrometry (MS) have been exploited extensively in recent years. The major attraction of FIA-ICP-MS is its exceptional multi-elemental sensitivity combined with high speed of analysis. In addition, the possibility of... 

See also Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Principles and Instrumentation. Atomic Emission Spectrometry Inductively Coupled Plasma. Cosmetics and Toiletries. Derivatization of Analytes. Electrophoresis Is-otachophoresls. Environmental Analysis. Enzymes Overview. Extraction Supercritical Fluid Extraction Solid-Phase Extraction Solid-Phase Microextraction. Ion Exchange Ion Chromatography Applications. Liquid Chromatography Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - Applicable Elements Carbon-13 Phosphorus-31. Perfumes. 

These are among the most harmful pollutants in sewage. Essential elements (e.g., Fe) as well as toxic metals such as Cd, Hg, and Pb are included. Main sources of heavy metals are industrial wastes, mining, fuels, coal, metal plating, etc. Metal determinations in sewage are preferably carried out by atomic spectrometry (flame and electrothermal atomization), atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, stripping voltammetry, spectrophotometry, and kinetic methods. Hg is advantageously determined by the cold vapor technique and As by the hydride technique. 

Hirata, T. and Miyazaki, Z. (2007) Highspeed camera imaging for laser ablation process for further reliable elemental analysis using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Anal Chem., 79, 147-152. 

Stuewer, D. Jakubowski, N. Elemental Analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry with Sector Field Instruments a Progress Report. J. Mass Spectrom. 1998,33, 579-590. 

Noltner,T., Maisenbacher, P., and Puchelt, H. (1990). Microwave acid digestion of geological and biological standard reference materials for trace element analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Spectrosc. Int. 2(7), 36. 

Pepelnik, R., Prange, A., and Niedergesass, R. (1994). Comparative study of multi-element determination using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, total reflection x-ray fluorescence spectrometry and neutron activation imsiysis.J.Anal.At. Spectrom. 9(9), 1071. 

Rattray, R., and Salin,E. D. (1995). Aerosol deposition direct sample insertion for ultra-trace elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.J.Anal. At. Spectrom. 10(10), 829. 

Saito,T, and Saito, K. (1996). Simultaneous multi-determination of brain trace element concentrations by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 178(1),... 

Soldevila,J., El Himri, M., Pastor, A., and de la Guardia, M. (1998). Evaluation of operational parameters affecting semiquantitative multi-elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.J.Spectrom. 13(8), 803. 

Stuewer, D., and Jakubowski, N. (1998). Elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with sector field instruments A progress report. J. Mass Spectrom. 33(7), 579. 

Wildhagen, D., Krivan,V., Gercken, B., and Pavel, J. (1996). Multi-element characterization of titanium(IV) oxide by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and total reflection x-ray fluorescence spectrometry after matrix-analyte separation./AMa/.Ar. Spectrom. 11(5), 371. 

Zhu,W., De Leer, E.W. B., Keimedy, M., and Kelderman, P. (1997). Study of a partial least-squares regression model for rare earth element determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.J./l [Pg.287]

The spectrometry method also outperforms the diffraction technique both in precision and accuracy, perhaps by a factor of two to six. The diffraction technique is at best a rather insensitive, slow technique, giving somewhat poor quantitative accuracy. On the other hand, it will be realized that the information given by the X-ray diffraction method is unique, and no other technique is able to provide such data. This is not true of the X-ray fluorescence method, since there are many other techniques available to the analytical chemist today for the quantitation of elements. Atomic absorption, inductively coupled plasma emission, and solid-source mass spectrometry are all examples of competing methods. 

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