Dextran-poly -water

Poly(A -isopropylaciylamide-co-butyl acrylate-co-chlorophyllin sodium copper salt) dextran and water dextran and water poly[2-(A, iV-dimeihylamino)ethylmethaciylate-co-aciylic acid-co-butyl methacrylate] and water 2007KON 2009SHA 2009NIN... 

Poly(A -isopropylaciylainide-co-butyl acrylate-co-chlorophyllin sodium copper salt) dextran and water 2007KON... 

MET Mete, D., Goksel, C., and Gilner, A., Characterization and miscibility dynamics of dextran-poly(vinylpyiTolidone)-water system, Macra/wo/. Symp., 302, 257,2011. 

Methyl(hydroxypropyl)cellulose dextran and water poly(vinyl alcohol) and water 1984HEF 1993SAK... 

Polystyrene dextran/poly(ethylene oxide) and water dextran/poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide) and water 20050L1 20050L1... 

FUR Furuya, T., Iwai, Y., Tanaka, Y., Uchida, H., Yamada, S., and Aral, Y., Measurement and correlation of Uquid-liquid equilibria for dextran-poly(ethylene glycol)-water aqueous two-phase systems at 20°C, Fluid Phase Equil., 103, 119, 1995. 

Thus, for a typical case of van der Waals interactions, when the interaction parameter Kj(T) varies as 1/T, the critical temperature should be roughly proportional to the molecular weight. However, for water-soluble jpolymers, such as the dextran-poly(ethylene glycol)-water system ° currently used in purification of biological macromolecules, the monomer-morwmer interaction parameter Ki depends on T in a more complex way > and Tk should not be simply proportional to Af and Eq. (50) may be then used to find the mass dependence of... 

Surface tension of polymers, related to their electrostatic and hydrophobic properties, is such that certain couples-among which poly(ethylene glycol)/ dextran, poly(vinyl alcohol)/dextran, poly(ethylene glycol)/MgS04, etc.-exhibit mutual incompatibility in water and the mixing of their concentrated... 

The GBR resin works well for nonionic and certain ionic polymers such as various native and derivatized starches, including sodium carboxymethylcel-lulose, methylcellulose, dextrans, carrageenans, hydroxypropyl methylcellu-lose, cellulose sulfate, and pullulans. GBR columns can be used in virtually any solvent or mixture of solvents from hexane to 1 M NaOH as long as they are miscible. Using sulfonated PDVB gels, mixtures of methanol and 0.1 M Na acetate will run many polar ionic-type polymers such as poly-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acids, and poly aniline/ polystyrene sulfonic acid. Sulfonated columns can also be used with water glacial acetic acid mixtures, typically 90/10 (v/v). Polyacrylic acids run well on sulfonated gels in 0.2 M NaAc, pH 7.75. 

Though CPE has many advantages [10], some problems remain to be solved such as (1) limited number of surfactants, (2) high cloud-point, and (3) strong hydrophobic nature. In an attempt to overcome some of these limitations, Tani et al. [281] proposed a new method that involves solubilization of hydrophobic membrane proteins into aqueous micellar solutions of alkylglucosides, followed by phase separation induced by the addition of a water-soluble polymer such as poly(ethylene)glycol (PEG) and dextran T-500. Using this approach they could carry out the whole procedure from solubilization to phase separation at 0 °C. 

Significant research has been directed toward the use of polyelectrolyte complexes as blood compatible materials. Several investigators found that water-insoluble polyelectrolyte complexes can suppress blood coagulation [487-490]. Davison and coworkers reviewed and studied the biological properties of water-soluble polyelectrolyte complexes [491] between quatemized poly(vinyl imidazole) or polyvinyl pyridine) and excess sulfonated dextran or poly(methacrylic acid). By forming complexes with a stoichiometric excess of anionic charge, a more compact conformation with anionic character was obtained. 

As stated in the introductory chapter, water-soluble polymers, such as polyethylene oxide), poly(AT-vinylpyrrolidone), polyacrylamide, poly(vinyl alcohol), dextrans etc., have been believed to be inert to any of the biological elements. In fact, a number of trials have been carried out to improve the biocompatibility of polymeric materials by conjugating water soluble polymers,... 

Amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol)-alkyl dextran ethers are emerging as vehicles in the oral delivery of poorly water soluble drugs [251,268,269]. They form polymer micelles of low critical association concentrations (CAC) and small micelle sizes in aqueous solution. Particulate delivery systems lead to an enhancement of the absorption efficiency and bioavailability of highly hpophihc drugs orally applied, and provide the drug with some level of pro-... 

Water-insoluble PEC were prepared by mixing oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, e.g. DEAE dextran with CMD [340,341], sodium dextran sulfate, poly(styrene sulfonate) (NaSS) [342], poly(sodium L-glutamate) (PSLG), poly(vinyl alcohol)sulfate [343], or potassium metaphosphate (MPK) [240]. They are useful as membranes or in biomedical applications [343,344]. 

A series of iron(III) complexes, c/s-[Fe(tetraamine)(OH)2]2+, where tetra-amine is a tetradentate amine such as 7V,jV -bis(2-picolyl)ethylenediamine, bound electrostatically to poly-L-glutamate or dextran sulfate, has been studied as catalysts for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.72 The catalyst performance varies with the mode of binding and nature of the support, thus demonstrating the importance of the local environment around the catalytically active site. 

As an example of a correlation of ternary LLE data, the system water-dextran (Mn = 23,000)-poly(ethylene glycol) (Mw = 6,750) at 273 K (Albertsson, 1986) was correlated... 

The membrane material strongly influences the effect of US energy on filtration. Water permeation through a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane from a dextran [96], that of NaCI through a nylon membrane coated with amphiphiles [97], the transport of organic compounds aoross a polymer membrane suspension, and that of hydrocortizone and benzoio aoid through a cellulose membrane and poly-dimethylsiloxane membrane, respeotively [98], illustrate the influence of the membrane material on the type of particles it can retain optimally. 

Poly(amino acid)s (PAAs) have also been used in drug delivery PEO-(l-aspartic acid) block copolymer nano-associates , formed by dialysis from a dimethyl acetamide solution against water, could be loaded with vasopressin. PLA-(L-lysine) block copolymer microcapsules loaded with fluorescently labelled (FITC) dextran showed release profiles dependent on amino acid content. In a nice study, poly(glutamate(OMe)-sarcosine) block copolymer particles were surface-grafted with poly(A-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAAm) to produce a thermally responsive delivery system FITC-dextran release was faster below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) than above it. PAAs are prepared by ring-opening polymerisation of A-carboxyanhydride amino acid derivatives, as shown in Scheme 1. 

A recent study has explored the potential of the ternary complex formed between a poly(p-cyclodextrin) (formed by polycondensation of p-cyclodextrin), a cationic surfactant (dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride), and a polyanion in water, to act as a delivery system for gene therapy,using a combination of viscometric and SANS studies as well as visual observations to determine the macroscopic and microscopic properties of the complexes. In the study, sodium dextran sulfate was used as a substitute for DNA. The potential advantages of the use of such ternary complexes over the more commonly investigated DNA-lipid or polymer complexes (lipoplexes and poly-plexes, respectively) include a high water solubility of the resulting complex (lipoplexes and polyplexes often... 

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