Polystyrene sulfonic acid

Rexyn 101 (polystyrene sulfonic acid), 80-91% yield.This method does not cleave the r-butyldimethylsilyl ether. 

Polymer supported reagents, catalysts, protecting groups, and mediators can be used in place of the corresponding small molecule materials (Sherrington, 1991 Sundell and Nasman, 1993). The reactive species is tightly bound to a macromolecular support which immobilizes it. This generally makes toxic, noxious, or corrosive materials much safer. The use of polystyrene sulfonic acid catalyst for the manufacture of methyl r-butyl... 

The GBR resin works well for nonionic and certain ionic polymers such as various native and derivatized starches, including sodium carboxymethylcel-lulose, methylcellulose, dextrans, carrageenans, hydroxypropyl methylcellu-lose, cellulose sulfate, and pullulans. GBR columns can be used in virtually any solvent or mixture of solvents from hexane to 1 M NaOH as long as they are miscible. Using sulfonated PDVB gels, mixtures of methanol and 0.1 M Na acetate will run many polar ionic-type polymers such as poly-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acids, and poly aniline/ polystyrene sulfonic acid. Sulfonated columns can also be used with water glacial acetic acid mixtures, typically 90/10 (v/v). Polyacrylic acids run well on sulfonated gels in 0.2 M NaAc, pH 7.75. 

Polystyrene Sulfonic Acid (Sodium), 70 kDa 1.0-5.0 Polysciences, Warrington, PA... 

Proton conductivity as a function of lEC for ETFE-g-PSSA = polyethylenetetrafluoroethylene-gra/t-polystyrene sulfonic acid, BAM membrane = substituted poly(trifluorostyrene) sulfonic acid, SPEEK = sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and Nafion. (From Peckham, T. J. et al. 2007. Journal of Materials Chemistry 17 3255-3268, and Dolye, M. et al. 2001. Journal of Physical Chemistry B 105 9387-9394.)... 

Yu, J., Yi, B., Xing, D., Liu, R, Shao, Z. and Fu, Y. 2003. Degradation mechanism of polystyrene sulfonic acid membrane and application of its composite membranes in fuel cells. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 5 611-615. 

A palladium(II)-exchanged polystyrene sulfonic acid resin (Dowex 50W, H form) catalyzes the oxidation of 2-methylnaphthalene with 60% aqueous H2O2 (reaction 27), affording 2-methyl-l,4-naphthoqu1none (menadione) in 55-60% yield at 90-97% conversion. 3 Menadione is a commercially important vitamin K intermediate and these results compare favourably with those obtained in existing industrial processes that employ stoichiometric quantities of chromium trioxide in sulfuric acid. 

Ainberlyst-type catalysts were as active as and more selective than the best homogeneous catalyst, II2SO4. Amberlyst 15 and 3G are macroreticular type polystyrene sulfonic acid resins partially cross-linked with divinylbenzene. The absence of the N—benzyl product when solid acid catalysts were employed suggests the possibility that the reaction could be carried out in a single step. It is also expected to provide all the aforementioned advantages of solid catalysts over liquid catalysts. 

To increase the surface area of the stationary phase for CEC separation, a collocated monolithic support structure (COMOSS) was constructed in a Si chip. A polystyrene-sulfonic acid stationary phase was then immobilized [349]. Design of the COMOSS required that the combined cross sectional area at the column head to be the same at any point in the inlet distributor [644]. A study for the reduction of band broadening in COMOSS was also reported [645]. 

U21 Gates, B. C., Schwab, G.-M. The Dehydration of Formic Acid Catalyzed by Polystyrene Sulfonic Acid. J. Catalysis 15, 430 (1969). 

R.B. Hodgdon, J.R. Boyack, and A.B. Laconti. The degradation of polystyrene sulfonic acid. General Electric Company TIS Report 65DE 5 1966. 

Polystyrene sulfonic acid has been used as sodium, potassium, and calcium salts. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate has been used to treat hyperkalemia in patients with renal insufficiency and as an adjuvant during hemodialysis. It can be given orally or rectally in all age groups (1). It has also been added to feeding formulae and nutritional supplements to reduce their potassium contents and so prevent hyperkalemia however, the reduction in potassium content was more than balanced by a concomitant increase in sodium content, presumably because of exchange of the sodium with calcium and magnesium (2,3). The uses and adverse effects of sodium polystyrene sulfonate have been reviewed (4,5). 

The amphiphilic diblock copolymer has been synthesized in the group of Stephan Forster (University of Hamburg). It consists of a polystyrene sulfonic acid) block of 144 monomers and a hydrophobic poly(ethylethylene) block of 136 monomers. It is called PSSH-PEE in the following discussion. Synthetic details are described elsewhere [18]. The films of the diblock copolymers are made from pure aqueous polymer solutions without any further surfactant. The concentration of the diblock copolymers is given in gL 1-... 

A range of nitrogen-containing heterocycles has also been synthesized by the condensation of hydrazine, hydrazide and diamines with diketones and p-keto esters, respectively, using polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) in aqueous medium (Scheme 8.16). ... 

Scheme 8.21 MW-assisted Biginelli reaction in aqueous medium (PSSA = polystyrene sulfonic acid).

A typical solid-phase reagent (SPR) is a colloidal polystyrene sulfonic acid material, 2.3 mequiv/g exchange capacity used as a 0.5 to 1.0 % suspension at a flow rate of... 

---