Permeation of water through

Systematic studies of membrane phenomena can be traced to the eighteenth century philosopher scientists. For example, Abbn Nolet coined the word osmosis to describe permeation of water through a diaphragm in 1748. Through the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, membranes had no industrial or commercial uses but were used as laboratory tools to develop physical/chemical theories. 

Y. Kita, S. Matsumoto, and D. Yonezawa Permeation of Water Through the Oil Layer in W/O/W-Type Multiple-Phase Emulsions. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 1, 11 (1978). 

One method that has shown promise for reducing the permeation of water through epoxy coatings involves the introduction of fluorine into the epoxy network. Highly fluorinated epoxy resins of the form shown below have been developed by Griffith,... 

While all the membrane proteins are affected by a homeopathic potency we can lay special emphasis on aquaporins as primary targets because these proteins are ubiquitous in all forms of life and are closely related to health and disease. We have described earlier how the function of aquaporins is regulated. Homeopathic potencies may influence those regulatory processes and thus alter the permeation of water through plasma membranes. We have already presented evidence for enhanced peremeation of water through red blood cells AQPj by potentized homeopathic drugs (chapter II 2.4.2). 

Chmielewski, A.G. et al., and H/D Separation factors for liquid/vapour permeation of water through an hydrophobic... 

Nair RR, Wu HA, Jayaram PN, Grigorieva IV, Geim AK (2012) Unimpeded permeation of water through helium-leak-tight graphene-based membranes. Science 335 442-444... 

Called pervaporation its name implies a combination of permeation (of the water through the membrane) and evaporation (from the membrane surface) to maintain the driving force which, by promoting selective permeation of water through the material of the membrane dries the solvent (Fig. 7.8). 

Figure 8.24. Rhodobacter sphaeroides Complex IV cytochrome c oxidase. Stereo view in backbone representation of subunits I and II showing the greater permeation of water through the region of the lipid layer of Complex IV than for that of Complex III in Figure 8.20. (A) Heme redox centers at the heart of...

Since absorption and permeation of water through polymer materials are inevitable, the most serious problem in plastic encapsulated devices is aluminum metallization corrosion in moist atmospheres, which leads to functional failures of the devices... 

Marais, S., Metayer, M., Nguyen, T. Q., Labbe, M., et al. (2000). Diffusion and permeation of water through unsaturated polyester resins - influence of resin curing. European Polymer Journal, 36(3), 453 62. 

A previous study [8] has shown that the stopped-flow light-scattering method is well adapted to the evaluation of permeability of the lipid bilayer to water. The theoretical model shows that the swelling of vesicles resulting from an osmotic shock should follow first-order kinetics. Its characteristic half-time, <1 2. is the half-time of permeation of water through the membrane [8,9]. 

The driving force for the permeation of water through the membrane arises from the net pressure difference AP — An, where AP is the hydrostatic-pressure gradient and An is the osmotic-pressure... 

Hydraulic Permeability Hydraulic permeation of water through the membrane occurs as a result of a pressure difference between the anode and cathode. The molar flow rate of water from the cathode to the anode can be written from Darcy s law ... 

Nair, R.R., Wu, H.A., Jayaram, P.N., Grigorieval, I.V., Geim, A.K., 2012, Unimpeded permeation of water through hehum-leak-tight graphene-hased membranes. Nature Nanotechnol 2 728-732. 

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