Corning Laboratory

The prime technical innovator and product champion for glass-ceramics was a physical chemist, S. Donald Stookey (b. 1915 Figure 9.14), who Joined the Corning Laboratory in 1940 after a chemical doctorate at MIT. He has given an account of... 

Through the cooperation of John Wosinski of the Corning Glass Works, bars made from two Near Eastern clays collected in northern Iraq were, after a preliminary firing to 550°C for 3 hours to remove the chemically combined water in the clay and the initial firing shrinkage, fired in the Corning laboratories in furnaces normally used for devitrifi-... 

This work reports on the effect of Incorporation of a nitrile group In to terbufos and what effect this group had on Its laboratory Insecticidal activity and field performance. With respect to the question regarding efficacy, we demonstrated that the addition of a nitrile moiety did not markedly reduce the field performance as compared to terbufos. This was despite a significantly shorter soil half-life as estimated from the laboratory data In the Dlabrotlca jar test. With respect to the question of the effect on the vapor pressure of incorporation of a nitrile Into terbufos, the compound (C2HgO) P(S)SCH(CH2)SC(CH-) Cl, had an estimated vapor pressure which Is ID-fold lower (3.0xft) mm) than the measured vapor pressure of terbufos. With respect to alteration of Insect spectra, especially those Insects Injurious to Midwest field corn, laboratory studies Indicated that like terbufos, only corn root-... 

Dr. Rita Cornelis, Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, University of Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium... 

The difference between aflatoxin levels of yellow corn and decorticated corn may be due to the removal of the cortex and germ of the corn, laboratory studies have demonstrated that wet-milling of inoculated corn reduced the levels of aflatoxin in corn (Yahl et al., 1971 Bennet and Anderson, 1978). Aflatoxin B was primarily... 

Corning 0330 P-spodumene soHd solution mtile HO2 mechanical, chemical, thermal stabiHty exterior, interior cladding, laboratory bench tops... 

It is estimated that the worldwide clinical chemistry diagnostics market is about 3 biUion. This amount includes an estimated 700 million in instmment sales, and 2.3 bUHon in sales of reagents and consumables. Some of the principal instmment manufacturers are Hitachi (Japan), Miles Laboratories/Technicon Instmments (United States), E. I. du Pont de Nemours (United States), Beckman Instmments (United States), Eastman Kodak (United States), Abbott Laboratories (United States), Olympus (Japan), Toshiba (Japan), Hoffmann-La Roche (Switzerland), and Ciba Corning Diagnostics (United States). 

Also, pilot plant and laboratory scale anaerobic studies have demonstrated successful treatment of wastewaters of 5,000 to 50,000 mg/L GOD from corn chips containing soluble and colloidal corn starch and protein, cheese whey, organic chemicals, food, bakeiy, breweiy, paper mill foul condensate, paint, and numerous other hazardous anci non-hazardous materials. 

The key innovations in turning optical waveguides (fibres) into a successful commercial product were made by R.D. Maurer in the research laboratories of the Corning Glass Company in New York State. This company was also responsible for introducing another family of products, crystalline ceramics made from glass precursors - glass-ceramics. The story of this development carries many lessons for... 

A number of American research institutions and the people who shaped them have already featured in this book the creation of the Materials Research Laboratories Robert Mehl s influence on the Naval Research Laboratory and on Carnegie Institute of Technology Hollomon s influence on the GE laboratory Seitz s influence on the University of Illinois (and numerous other places) Carothers and Flory at the Dupont laboratory the triumvirate who invented the transistor and the atmosphere at Bell Laboratories that made this feat possible Stookey, glass-ceramics and the Corning Glass laboratory. I would like now to round off this list with an account of a most impressive laboratory that came to grief, and the man who shaped it. 

In 1808, Sir Humphry Davy reported the production of Mg in the form of an amalgam by electrolytic reduction of its oxide using a Hg cathode. In 1828, the Fr scientist A. Bussy fused Mg chloride with metallic K and became the first to produce free metallic Mg. Michael Faraday, in 1833, was the first to produce free metallic Mg by electrolysis, using Mg chloride. For many years, however, the metal remained a laboratory curiosity. In 1886, manuf of Mg was undertaken on a production scale in Ger, using electrolysis of fused Mg chloride. Until 1915, Ger remained the sole producer of Mg. However, when a scarcity of Mg arose in the USA as a result of the Brit blockade of Ger in 1915, and the price of Mg soared from 1.65 to 5.00 per lb, three producers initiated operations and thus started a Mg industry in the USA. Subsequently, additional companies attempted production of Mg, but by 1920 only two producers remained — The Dow Chemical Co (one of the original three producers) and. the American Magnesium Corn. In 1927. the latter ceased production, and Dow continued to be the sole domestic producer until 1941. The source of Mg chloride was brine pumped from deep wells. In 1941, Dow put a plant into operation at Freeport, Texas, obtaining Mg chloride from sea-... 

The two examples of sample preparation of solids containing low concentrations of the substances of interest will be the analysis of aflatoxins in corn meal (7) and the determination of the fungicide thiabendazole in citrus fruits. It should be pointed out that the applications chosen in this section attempt to reflect a range of analyses that the analyst is likely to meet in both research and industrial laboratories. 

The list of elements and their species listed above is not exhaustive. It is limited to the relatively simple compounds that have been determined by an important number of laboratories specializing in speciation analysis. Considering the economic importance of the results, time has come to invest in adequate CRMs. There is a steadily increasing interest in trace element species in food and in the gastrointestinal tract where the chemical form is the determinant factor for their bioavailability (Crews 1998). In clinical chemistry the relevance of trace elements will only be fully elucidated when the species and transformation of species in the living system have been measured (ComeUs 1996 Cornelis et al. 1998). Ultimately there will be a need for adequate RMs certified for the trace element species bound to large molecules, such as proteins. 

Cornelis R, Dyg S, Griepink B, and Dams R (1990) Participation in BCR-certifications by the Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Nudear Sciences, University of Gent, Belgium. Fresenius J Anal Chem 338 414-418. 

Another useful system which merits mention is the polycarbosilane which resulted from research carried out by C.L. Schilling and his coworkers in the Union Carbide Laboratories in Tarrytown, New York [6]. More recently, a useful polymeric precursor for silicon nitride has been developed by workers at Dow Corning Corporation [7]. 

AT T Bell Laboratories, 296,430 Bell Communications Research, Inc., 296 Carnegie Mellon University, 78 Case Western Reserve University, 238 Colorado State University, 420 Dow Corning Corporation, 156 Ethyl Corporation, 277 Fraunhofer-Institut fur Silicatforschung, 333 Hiroshima University, 209 Hitachi Ltd., 209... 

COMPARISON OF FRACTION YIELDS FROM THE ENZYMATIC AND CONVENTIONAL CORN WET MILLING PROCESS IN A 1-KG LABORATORY PROCEDURE... 

FIG. 4 SDS gel electrophoresis of insoluble gluten samples from laboratory corn wet milling. Lane 1 Molecular mass standards (250, 150, 100, 75, 50, 37, 25, 15, and lOkDa). Lane 2 Enzymatic milling with commercial protease with added S02 and lactic acid. Lane 3 Enzymatic milling with commercial protease and no added S02. Lane 4 Conventional laboratory milling. Lane 5 Enzymatic milling using Bromelain and no added S02. 

Relatively pure xylan isolated from the holocellulose of aspen (Populus) wood is said to contain 85% of xylose residues.78 One of the characteristic properties of xylan is its ease of hydrolysis. Because it hydrolyzes much more readily than cellulose, mild acid treatment may be employed to bring about preferential hydrolysis of xylan from plant material. Xylose is ordinarily prepared in the laboratory by direct sulfuric acid hydrolysis of the native xylan in ground corn cobs.74 Hydrolysis in hydrochloric acid proceeds rapidly, but decomposition to furfural also occurs to some extent.76 A commercial method for the production of D-xylose from cottonseed hulls76 and straw77 and from corn cobs17 78 has been described. 

In a research and development laboratory at the Dow Chemical Company in Midland, Michigan, rotational viscometry experiments on various dilutions of a test fluid, such as corn syrup, can generate the required data. Once various challenges are overcome, such as obtaining a uniform and constant temperature throughout the fluid and dealing with unusual physical behaviors of the test fluid, accurate viscosity measurements can be made and the project to optimize mixing performance can move forward. 

Of course, many natural materials are more difficult to reproduce in the laboratory than the sugar coating on corn kernels. One that still eludes materials scientists comes from bacteria that possess a magnetic sense. Just as many living creatures have a visual... 

Edible food sources have been tested to deliver vaccines orally for example, transgenic potato tuber-based vaccines have been developed. Other food sources, such as bananas, tomatoes, and corn, are being tested in laboratories (see Section 11.12). Mucosal vaccines, utilizing genetically modified enterotox-ins, are delivered intranasally. Research in this area has to ensure the safety aspect of using enterotoxins. 

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