Sohd solutions

NL Li O. Thick film resistors are also made from transition-metal oxide soHd solutions. Glass-bonded Bi... 

Perovskite-type compounds, especially BaTiO, have the abiUty to form extensive soHd solutions. By this means a wide variety of materials having continuously changing electrical properties can be produced ia the polycrystaUine ceramic state. By substituting ions for ions, T can be... 

The addition to AI2O2 of up to 1% Ti02 [1317-80-2] results in the growth of clear crystals containing a soHd solution. On annealing at about 1200°C, the exsolution of Ti02 needles results in the formation of a star effect, as shown in Figure 6. 

Schott Zerodur P-quart2 soHd solution, Si02 2ero expansion electric range tops, telescope mirrors... 

Corning 9608 P-spodumene soHd solution, Li,0-Al2 03-(Si0J j low expansion, high chemical durabiHty cooking utensils... 

Corning 9617 P-spodumene soHd solution anatase, Ti02 low expansion, high strength, thermal StabiHty, chemical durabiHty electric range tops (opaque)... 

Corning 0330 P-spodumene soHd solution mtile HO2 mechanical, chemical, thermal stabiHty exterior, interior cladding, laboratory bench tops... 

Coming 9455 P-spodumene soHd solution mullite, 3 A12 02-2 Si02 low expansion, high thermal and mechanical stabiHty heat exchangers... 

Fig. 6. Microstmcture of transparent P-quart2 soHd solution glass-ceramic as revealed by transmission electron microscopy (white bat = 0.1 jira).

Hafnium is an effective soHd solution strengtbener at higher temperatures for other alloys such as nickel alurninides (39,40). 

Both sohd-solution hardening and precipitation hardening can be accounted for by internal strains generated by inserting either solute atoms or particles in an elastic matrix (11). The degree of elastic misfit, 5, produced by the difference, Ai , between the lattice parameter, of the pure matrix and a, the lattice parameter of the solute atom is given by... 

For nickel, cobalt, and hon-base alloys the amount of solute, particularly tungsten or molybdenum, intentionally added for strengthening by lattice or modulus misfit is generally limited by the instability of the alloy to unwanted CJ-phase formation. However, the Group 5(VB) bcc metals rely on additions of the Group 6(VIB) metals Mo and W for sohd-solution strengthening. 

A series of nickel—chromium—iron alloys based on the soHd solution Inconel 600 alloy (see Table 4) was developed, initially depending on aluminum ... 

AH of the alloys Hsted in Tables 4 and 5 are austenitic, ie, fee. Apart from and soHd-solution strengthening, many alloys benefit from the presence of carbides, carbonitrides, and borides. Generally the cubic MC-type monocarbides, which tend to form in the melt, are large and widely spaced, and do not contribute to strengthening. However, the formation, distribution, and soHd-state reactions of carbides are very important because of their role... 

Hydrides are compounds that contain hydrogen (qv) in a reduced or electron-rich state. Hydrides may be either simple binary compounds or complex ones. In the former, the negative hydrogen is bonded ionicaHy or covalendy to a metal, or is present as a soHd solution in the metal lattice. In the latter, which comprise a large group of chemical compounds, complex hydridic anions such as BH, A1H, and derivatives of these, exist. 

Another important class of titanates that can be produced by hydrothermal synthesis processes are those in the lead zirconate—lead titanate (PZT) family. These piezoelectric materials are widely used in manufacture of ultrasonic transducers, sensors, and minia ture actuators. The electrical properties of these materials are derived from the formation of a homogeneous soHd solution of the oxide end members. The process consists of preparing a coprecipitated titanium—zirconium hydroxide gel. The gel reacts with lead oxide in water to form crystalline PZT particles having an average size of about 1 ]lni (Eig. 3b). A process has been developed at BatteUe (Columbus, Ohio) to the pilot-scale level (5-kg/h). 

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