Waveguides, optical

There are several types of optical waveguides - planar waveguides and cylindrical waveguides (optical fibers). Basic optical waveguide geometries are shown in Figure 1. 

Key words Kerr nonlinearity, planar waveguides, optical pulses, numerical modeling, nonlinear modes, waveguide junctions. 

A. B. Schvartsburg. Non-linear Pulses in Integrated and Waveguide Optics... 

Based on the five classes of fulgide family compounds, many realistic and potential applications have been developed and suggested for example, actinometry, optical storage, optical data processing, and nonlinear optical materials, optical waveguides, optical switches, security and printing applications, eyewear and leisure products. Applications of the fulgide family of compounds are discussed at the end of this chapter. 

Keywords Optical waveguides Optical fibers Thin gold layers Gold nanoparticles Photonic crystals Sensors... 

Kaiser, R., Levy, Y., Vansteenkiste, N., Aspect, A., Seifert, W., Leipold, D., and Mlynek, J. (1994). Resonant enhancement of evanescent waves with a thin dielectric waveguide. Optics Comm. 104 234-240. 

S. Kawata and T. Tani, Optically driven Mie particles in an evanescent field along a channeled waveguide. Optics Letters 21 p. 1768-1770 (1996). 

K. Gmjic, O. G. Helleso, J. P. Hole, and J. S. Wilkinson, Sorting of polystyrene microspheres using a Y-branched optical waveguide. Optics Express 13 p. 1-7 (2005). 

K. Gmjic and O. G. Helleso, Dielectric microsphere manipulation and chain assembly by counter-propagating waves in a channel waveguide. Optics Express 15 p. 6470-6477 (2007). 

C. A. Banios and M. Lipson, Electrically driven silicon resonant light emitting device based on slot- waveguide. Optics Express 13 p. 10092-10101 (2005). 

The research in glass modification by use of short laser pulses is driven by scientific interest and their applications have been demonstrated for the formation of three dimensional optical memories and multicolour images , the direct writing of waveguides, waveguide couplers and splitters, waveguide optical amplifier, and optical gratings" ". 

Mazurczyk et al. [3] fabricated an integrated fluorescence detection system with the microfluidic lab-on-a-chip device. Various arrangements were tested for the fluorescence beam detection like free space optics, fiber optics, and fully waveguiding optics. Eree space optics was found to have the higher sensitivity, but it needed the bulk microscope-based detection system. Eiber and fully waveguiding optics seemed to be the possible option to overcome the bulk microscope setup, but their sensitivity was not found to be sufficient especially for high sensitivity required applications. Anyhow, they showed the feasibility of their device for... 

Major Applications Waveguides,optical sensors,n display devices, inks, fertilizer,pesticides, 5 detecting carbohydrates, treatment of pathogen infections, age-related macular degeneration, amyloid accumulation in the brain 9... 

FIGURE 24 Dependence of waveguide optical loss on the conditions of RIE proce.ssing. 

For example, it was found that organically modified sol-gel precursors, such as phenyl-trimethoxysilane (Ph-SiOMej) and its copolymers with other triaUcoxysilanes, display distinctly improved properties in terms of long-term stability, gas permeability, and ease of deposition on waveguide optics. Several sol-gel-based cocktails used for making oxygen sensors are presented in Table 15.1. 

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