Certifying authorities

Textile motors Crane motors Determining the size of motor Sugar centrifuge motors Motors for deep-well pumps Motors for agricultural application Surface-cooled motors Torque motors or actuator motors Vibration and noise level Service factors Motors for hazardous locations Specification of motors for Zone 0 locations Specification of motors for Zone I locations Motors for Zone 2 locations Motors for mines, collieries and quarries Intrinsically safe circuits, type Ex. f Testing and certifying authorities Additional requirements for ciritical installations Motors for thermal power station auxiliaries Selection of a special-purpose motor... 

The filing provisions you have made should enable your records to be readily retrievable however, you need to maintain your files if the stored information is to be of any use. In practice, records will collect at the place they are created and unless promptly removed to secure files may be mislaid, lost, or inadvertently destroyed. Once complete, quality records should not be changed. If they are subsequently found to be inaccurate, new records should be created. Alterations to records should be prohibited as they bring into doubt the validity of any certification or authentication as no one will know whether the alteration was made before or after the records were authenticated. In the event that alterations are unavoidable due to time or economic reasons, errors should be struck through in order that the original wording can still be read, and the new data added and endorsed by the certifying authority. 

National government agriculture and food departments National and international organic certifying authorities... 

Flavourings created for the US market or Israel normally have to follow requirements for kosher status, whereas markets as the Near and Middle East and parts of Asia (e.g. Indonesia, Philippines) have a strong need for halal flavourings. As the flavour market is becoming more and more global, even the European companies in the flavour industry have to be certified by the respective certifying authorities. In general these requirements result in a reduced number of raw materials and in specific cases also carrier materials (e.g. omission of ethanol for halal flavours) for the daily project work of a fiavourist. 

The organizer of an interlaboratory study to assign a quantity value to a reference material is usually a national or international certifying authority, such as the International Atomic Energy Agency (United Nations), the Community Bureau of Reference (European Union), or a national measurement institute. 

In Australia there have been discussions as to how to make evidential breathalyzer measurements traceable to national or international standards. The amount of ethanol in a motorist is required by law to be less than a prescribed concentration, for many countries between 0.0 and 0.08 g per 100 mL blood. Recently there has been a move to change legislation to a limit of a given mass per 210 L of breath to avoid arguments about the blood/breath partition coefficient. As with any forensic measurement, metrological trace-ability is a key component of a successful prosecution. At present police buy standard solutions of ethanol in water from certifying authorities, with... 

The top of the chain is the SI unit of amount-of-substance concentration mol dm 3 (mol L1). A certificate from the National Measurement Institute gives confidence to the certifying authority that the amount-of-substance... 

This calculation device to reduce flare boom length must be checked with regulatory and certifying authorities before credit may be taken. 

In most cases, the manufacturer s own calibration procedures should be acceptable as they form part of the manufacturer s own performance guarantees and/or quality certification. If special calibration is required, then companies with custom-built test facilities must be used (e.g., a magnetic flowmeter that requires a specific certification will require calibration in a flow rig that has been certified by an approved certifying authority). 

Whenever a product is purchased through a broker or another intermediary or when more than one set of premises has been involved in the manufacture and packaging of product, the certifying authority should consider whether it has received sufficient information to satisfy itself that those aspects of the memufacture of the product for which the appliccmt is not directly responsible have been undertaken in compliance with GMP as recommended by WHO. 

Approved symbol for the certifying authority, and if appropriate the EEC hexagonal symbol. 

On the UK continental shelf, the use of classification societies has been formalised in the concept of the Safety Case and the Certifying Authority certifying that relevant requirements have been met. 

The following SIL certification is for a smart transmitter. The third-party certifying authority declares the transmitter as Type B (a smart transmitter with software—see Table Vl/4.2-2 for definitions). S1L2 with HFT 0 (single connection use) has an SFF of 75%. This example was chosen to show how lEC proven use can be used. Readers should note that this certification is given by a world renowned certifying authority to a manufacmrer who is also world renowned. It has PROVEN IN USE, which is allowed by lEC 61511. The certification declaration states ... 

Referring to the underlined part of Clause 1.4.1, it is seen that the certifying authority mentions the sources of data. Sources of component failure data are extremely important especially when they are qualified through proven instruments. This is because these data at times are industry specific and have variations with industrial use. The sources of data must be checked to confirm that the database is appropriate for the current intended location and application and environmental condition for intended use of the instrument. It has already been stated that probability of failure PFDavg is dependent on the PTI therefore end user needs must be taken care of with respect to FMEDA results. Every compliant instrument must have a safety manual duly referred to in the certificate. It is critical to use the device only in accordance with the safety manual (the certified failure data is usually invalid otherwise) [7]. 

Normally, manufacturers notify the certifying authority regarding the issuance of the certificates. The certifying authority checks that all the requirements of the standard are met (see Clause 1.4 of Chapter VIII), and issues the certificates. As per lEC 61511, users can develop other criteria for certifying SIS loop components including requirements for the selection of components and subsystems based on prior use (Clause 11.5.3 of the standard). The main issue here is the appropriate evidence for subsystems and components that these are suitable for safety instrumentation. The standard also specifies the required documentation pertinent to the following issues mainly (see Clause 1.4 of Chapter VIII) ... 

Another important issue one should keep in mind that the safety data provided by manufacturers for their devices, with due validation by a third certifying authority are laboratory results. Laboratory safety data, provided by manufacturers may be useful predictor safety data pertinent to control system but real world installed safety is... 

The majority of certifying authorities have a global network, so it is possible to use these experts to integrate safety-related products produced at different locations into SIS and applications. 

Compliance is evaluated by a certifying authority, which assesses and certifies that a product has been designed and developed in accordance with the standard. Similar to third party certification and approval, a certifying authority provides benefits [15,16] like ... 

Total proposed facility documentation to be presented for documentation assessment. If recommended by a certifying authority, necessary modification/ augmentation should be incorporated. 

Many of the certifying authorities use their own software tools (e.g., Exida s Safety Case tool) for the entire system. 

B ID. NO. OF NOTIFIED BODY CERTIFYING AUTHORITY BY QA/PRODUCT TEST 8 EQUIPMENT PROTECTION LEVEL Gb/Ob FOR CAS OUST (Cot 2G/20-EN ]... 

Health and Seeds Division of the Department for Agriculture and Rural Development (DARD) are the certifying authorities in Scotland and Northern Ireland respectively. 

Northern Ireland and the hill areas of England and Wales where substantial seed potato enterprises still continue. The main advantages of these areas ate that the low temperatiues and strong winds keep aphid populations in check. This means that the severe virus diseases (leaf roll and the mosaics) which are spread from diseased to healthy plants by aphids, are less likely to occur. However, recent advances in aphid control and concerns over the quality of seed from some traditional areas have seen successful seed production extended to some of the English arable areas as a profitable break in predominantly cereal and break crop rotations. As with other forms of seed production the certifying authority in England and Wales is FERA, for Scotland SASA (Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture) and DARD in Northern Ireland. In all cases the same basic Seed Potato Classification Scheme (SPCS) obtains. 

The level to which a particular system must be certified is selected by a process of failure analysis and input from the device manufacturers and the certifying authority (FAA or Joint Aviation Authority [JAA]), with the final decision made by the certifying authority. Note that different software components do not need to be certified specifically at each designated level. Certification at any level automatically covers the lower-level requirement but, obviously, the converse is not true. Software certified at Level A can be used in any avionics application. It should be noted that following the advent of RTCA/DO-254 and SAE/ARP-4754, the term SL is now often referred to as DAL in order to be in alignment with the terms used in these documents. 

A reference material having one or more property values that are certified by a technically valid procedure, accompanied by or traceable to a certificate or other documentation that is issued by a certifying authority. 

Cross check all hardware and software components against certifying authority certificate. 

Figure 8.1 is useful to illustrate a concept only. The exact destination of system level as applied to safety is to be defined by the assessor (preferably in conjunction with the certifying authority). 

---