Custom built

Custom decorative sound-absorbing treatments for wall surfaces are frequentiy used in auditoriums and theaters, especially for control of echoes from rear walls. Typical treatments consist of prefabricated or custom-built wood grilles over fiber glass or mineral wool blankets or batts. 

The U-tube exchanger with copper tubes, cast-iron header, and other parts of carbon steel is used for water and steam services in office buildings, schools, hospitals, hotels, etc. Nonferrous tube sheets and admiralty or 90-10 copper-nickel tubes are the most frequently used substitute materials. These standard exchangers are available from a number of manufacturers at costs far below those of custom-built process-industry equipment. 

Standard heat exchangers (which are in some instances off-the-shelf items) are available in sizes ranging from 1.9 to 37 m" (20 to 400 ft") at costs lower than for custom-built units. Steel costs are approximately one-half, admiralty tube-side costs are two-thirds, and stainless costs are three-fourths of those for equivalent custom-built exchangers. 

The heavy-duty jacketed type (Fig. ll-62a) is a special custom-built adaptation of a heavy-duty vibratory conveyor shown in Fig. 11-60. Its apphcation is continuously to cool the crushed materi [from about 177°C (350°F)] produced by the vibratoiy-type caster of Fig. 11-53. It does not have the liqmd dam and is made in longer lengths that employ L, switchback, and S arrangements on one floor. The capacity rate is 27,200 to 31,700 kg/h (30 to 35 tons/h) with heat-transfer coefficients in the order of 142 to 170 W/(m °C) [25 to 30 Btii/(h ft °F)]. For heating or drying applications, it employs steam to 414 kPa (60 IbFin ). 

These figures are for general reference only. For actual values the reader should refer to the motor manufacturer. Motors can, however, be designed to suit a particular application. Large LT and all HT motors are generally custom built. 

Manufacturers, depending upon market needs, may adopt all or a few such designs or even have their own designs, still conforming to such stipulations. Special applications may, however, call for a custom-built motor as noted later. As a standard practice all HT motors are custom-built for each application and no rotor designs are prescribed for these. 

More customer confidence by relieving them from coti-stant checks to ensure the required quality and timely delivery, partictilarly for custom-built and engineering products. In a third party order, the quality systems would also help to fulfil the customer s own contractual obligations to a client. 

Radial inflow turboexpanders are the best equipment for this application because they handle condensing streams, provide a high expansion ratio in a single stage, and are custom-built to accommodate the plant s process conditions. 

Commercially available thermal oxidizer systems are pre-engineered, that is, the equipment is designed on the principle that in order for the equipment to be competitive in the marketplace, then a series of products of fundamentally standard designs are tailored to the application by changing some of the parameters as dictated by the requirements. This is not always the case with other pollution control systems, as oftentimes custom built-systems are specified. Since thermal oxidation equipment has a burner, the designs require controls for safety and operation. 

A thrust can be expected in development of the electrochemical methods (reliability, operation and interpretation), TLA and custom-built NDT systems for specific requirements. The disadvantage of using separate sensors rather than the actual plant has been stated. Methods that can use plant for data are required, and developments in magnetic finger-printing may contribute here. 

Integrated control systems are mainly found on factory-assembled equipment, but the increased use of programmable logic controllers for process control is giving designers and installation mechanics the experience to apply these methods to custom-built refrigeration systems [26]. 

Troubles arise with the selection of thermostatic expansion valves, since this is the type generally used in custom-built systems and, for these, selected outside a factory. 

Lucite, and Plexiglas result. It is thus possible to create molecules with custom-built properties for various uses as plastics or fibers. 

Most previous attempts to obtain X-ray diffraction data at very low temperatures (< 80 K) have used custom built systems with closed cycle helium refrigerators mounted on large, robust four circle diffractometers. In order to remove the inherent disadvantages of these systems - cost, single application, absorption and scattering of the windows - we have built an open flow system from mainly off-the-shelf components which uses liquid helium as the cryogen. This is not the first open flow helium system [19, 20] but is the first that is mainly off-the-shelf and is mountable on any diffractometer. It is based on an ADP Helitran ESR cryostat with modifications to the nozzle assembly and to the direction of the gas flow. The lowest temperature is estimated to be <30K. At the current price for liquid helium in... 

FTIR spectra were collected with a Nicolet 740 spectrometer and a custom built in situ gas flow cell. The spectrometer was equipped with a MCT-B detector cooled by liquid nitrogen. Approximately 15 mg of the MgO catalyst sample was pressed into a self-supported disc and placed in a sample holder located at the center of the cell. The temperature in the cell was measured with a thermocouple placed close to the catalyst sample. Transmission spectra were collected in a single beam mode with a resolution of 2 cm 1. Prior to introduction... 

Although X-band is by far the most common, ESR spectrometers are available commercially or have been custom built in several frequency ranges (Table 1.1). 

As discussed in Chapter 6, in systems with more than one unpaired electron the ESR spectrum contains features that involve electron-electron coupling parameters analogous to the nuclear hyperfine parameters. In those types of samples the advantages of double resonance are carried out by employing the use of two different microwave frequencies, one fixed and saturating, and one variable frequency that searches for transitions. This technique is known as ELDOR (electron-electron double resonance).38,40,41,44 It has been used much less than ENDOR and usually requires custom-built equipment. 

The construction of a custom-built parallel reactor with expandable reaction vessels that accommodate the pressure build-up during a microwave irradiation experiment has also been reported [88]. The system was used for the parallel synthesis of a 24-member library of substituted 4-sulfanyl-lH-imidazoles [88]. 

A different multicomponent route to imidazoles has been described by the group of O Shea, involving the diversity-tolerant three-component condensation of an aldehyde, a 2-oxo-thioacetamide, and an alkyl bromide (5 equivalents) in the presence of ammonium acetate (Scheme 6.201) [364]. This allowed the preparation of a 24-membered 4(5)-alkylthio-lH-imidazole demonstration library from 21 different aldehydes, 12 alkyl bromides, and two 2-oxo-thioacetamides. The library was synthesized in a parallel format using a custom-built reaction vessel. Alkylthioimidazoles... 

Cords used for reinforcement of such products as drive belts, V-belts and hose require treatment with RFL to achieve the ultimate adhesion to the rubber compound. Although many simple systems can be built in house it can often be preferable to purchase a custom built unit. The dipping and drying units are usually built in tandem, with let-off and wind-up units attached. 

These door sensors are designed in many sizes and shapes, depending upon the specific application. Many are custom-built. Generally, both a reed switch and a magnet are used, and in many cases, added circuitry is built into a PCB for smart sensoring. If the sensor is not activated after a specified period of time, an alarm will sound, alerting that the door is ajar. In the case of a freezer, several hundred dollars worth of frozen meat and other food can be saved from spoilage if an open door is detected. 

This section discusses the development of custom-built systems of varying complexities. If a scientists decides to set up an in-house staggered parallel chromatography system, it is beneficial to... 

All of our clothes were sent to a cleaners and we hired a different restoration company to come and clean everything in the house while we stayed in a hotel. I told the supervisor of this company that only nontoxic, natural products could be used in my house. She assured me that would be no problem, and that in three days I would be able to move back home. But when I walked in to inspect the house I could actually taste the chemicals they d used and my mouth and lungs burned. Someone from our insurance company found a spray bottle they d left behind in our rec room closet. That s how we found out they had used strong solvents. Eventually they came back and tried everything to make the house safe. They scrubbed with TSP and they scrubbed with vinegar. They tried everything in the world, but nothing worked. This house that had been custom built for us was now a toxic waste dump. 

The application architecture A package structure and collaborations. This implements the business logic itself as a collection of collaborating components, with the original specification types now split across different components. The components can range from custom-built to common off-the shelf components, such as spreadsheets, calendars, and contact managers, to purchased domain-specific components such as factory-floor schedulers. This application architecture lives atop, and uses, the technical architecture. 

In order to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of the column effluent, a detector is required. Since the column effluent is often very low mass (ng) and is moving at high velocity (50-100 cm/s for capillary columns), the detector must be highly sensitive and have a fast response time. In the development of GC, these requirements meant that detectors were custom-built they are not generally used in other analytical instruments, except for spectroscopic detectors such as mass and infrared spectrometry. The most common detectors are flame ionization, which is sensitive to carbon-containing compounds and thermal conductivity which is universal. Among spectroscopic detectors, mass spectrometry is by far the most common. 

All waveforms were collected using a custom-built, asymmetric, capacitively coupled (13.56MHz), reactive-ion etching apparatus. A circulating bath maintains the aluminum powered electrode temper cure at 24.0 0.5°C. The apparatus is equipped with a He-Ne laser, A-632.8nm) interferometer as depicted in Figure 4. The laser beam was aimed at the substrate surface at an angle of 10° off the normal. Laser intensity was measured by a photodiode whose... 

---