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Characteristics of Lubricants, Industrial Oils and Related Products... 

The ISO 8681 standard, which treats all the petroleum products, groups lubricants, industrial oils and related products in the L Class. The international standard ISO 6743/0, accepted as the French standard NF T 60-162, subdivides the L Class into 18 families or categories. 

Classification of lubricants, industrial oils and related products. 

A wide class of aiyl-based quaternary surfactants derives from heterocycles such as pyridine and quinoline. The Aralkyl pyridinium halides are easily synthesized from alkyl halides, and the paraquat family, based upon the 4, 4 -bipyridine species, provides many interesting surface active species widely studied in electron donor-acceptor processes. Cationic surfactants are not particularly useful as cleansing agents, but they play a widespread role as charge control (antistatic) agents in detergency and in many coating and thin film related products. 

Biochemistry resulted from the early elucidation of the pathway of enzymatic conversion of glucose to ethanol by yeasts and its relation to carbohydrate metaboHsm in animals. The word enzyme means "in yeast," and the earfler word ferment has an obvious connection. Partly because of the importance of wine and related products and partly because yeasts are relatively easily studied, yeasts and fermentation were important in early scientific development and stiU figure widely in studies of biochemical mechanisms, genetic control, cell characteristics, etc. Fermentation yeast was the first eukaryote to have its genome elucidated. 

Ramifications of production of wine and related products are depicted in Eigure 1 (23). Certain operations are required, unique, and irreversible in order to produce certain types of wine, eg, oxidation for sherries. Other operations such as clarification and tartrate stabilization are similar for all wines. 

Cost to the Industry. When compared to the potential expense for defending a single claim of tampering, the cost of effective tamper-evident packaging becomes insignificant. Many firms simply caimot afford the cost of responding to product tampering claims, especially if the firm is a small one with a limited or totally related product line where the reputation of the entire product line can be affected by adverse pubHcity on one item. LiabiUty insurance caimot return lost customer confidence. 

Citation Searching. In the scholarly Hterature, authors cite earHer pubHcations that relate to the work being reported, thus a subject relationship exists between the citing and cited Hterature. This relationship has formed the basis for the Science Citation Index and related products, developed by the Institute for Scientific Information. Known as Scisearch in its on-line version, the Science Citation Index has become an important information retrieval tool in the second half of the twentieth century. It has been used for straightforward subject searching, in which mode it complements traditional indexed databases and indexes. It has also become a popular tool for hihliometric studies of various sorts, such as attempts to measure the relative impact of research carried out by different individuals or organizations, or the relative impact of pubHcations in different journals. 

The American College of Apothecaries represents pharmacists whose practices can best be described as emphasizing prescription and related products. Some pharmacists practice as consultants and providers to long-term care health faciUties, eg, nursing homes. Both state and U.S. laws have mandated closer control of dmg products in such units. The American Association of Consultant Pharmacists has been formed to serve the needs of such pharmacists. 

According to U.S. Census Data, the value of polishing preparations and related products shipped from U.S. factories in 1987 was 798 million in factory sales, a 23% increase from 1982 (67). These sales included 155.3 million in furniture poHsh, 245.2 million in floor poHsh, 185.1 million in automotive poHsh, 81.1 million in metal poHsh, and 42.8 million in shoe poHsh. Industry estimates for retail sales as of 1994 involving furniture poHsh were that this category remained flat at 197 million (68). Retail shoe poHsh sales remained constant at 200 million household floor poHsh sales declined about 7% in 1993, whereas institutional floor wax and poHsh sales have grown at an aimual rate of 2—2.5% to 370 million (69). In 1992 and 1993, automotive poHsh sales increased about 40% a year with the advent of colored car poHshes to 240 million, but were flat in 1994. 

Aflatoxins B are fuagal metaboHtes and are produced hyyispergillusflavus. There are several related products all contain a pblorogluciaol segment ia their stmcture and all are extremely toxic and carciaogenic, eg, aflatoxia B (56) (201). 

Alkylamines and diamines are generally classified as corrosive to the skin based on results from laboratory animal (rabbit) studies performed in accordance with the Department of Transportation (DOT) test method (84) rabbits are considered to be especially sensitive to alkylamines which even at low concentrations can induce skin redness and swelling. Oleylamine has been shown to induce mild to moderate skin irritation in laboratory rats when appHed at a concentration of 0.3% in mineral oil (Chemical Manufacturer s Association, 1985). Fatty amines which contain alkyl chains of 10—14 carbons are considered more irritating than related products which contain alkyl chains of 14—18 carbon atoms. Ethoxylation generally decreases the irritation potential of alkylamines. 

Many of tfie natural piostanoids as weU as some of thek analogues and related products ate available in research quantities from several companies. These... 

Timber production in the United States is an important contributor to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In 1991, timber-related activities in the United States generated -- 59,498 million (Table 7). It accounted for 2.2% of the goods and stmctures portion of GDP. Primary timber products production totaled 19,370 secondary timber-related products added 40,128 million of value in 1991. 

Manufactured in a dedicated plant, ie, one devoted to a single product or at most two or three closely related products. 

B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum ReBnery Piping For all piping within the property limits of facihties engaged in the processing or handling of chemical, petroleum, or related products unless speciBcaUy excluded by the code Latest issue 1980... 

Indirect type, batch or continuous operation for pharmaceuticals such as peniciUin and blood plasma. Expensive. Used on beat-sensitive and readily oxidized materials under Liquids under Liquids under Liquids used on pharmaceuticals and related products which cannot be dried successfuby by other means. Applicable to fine chemicals under Granular solids cial cases such as emulsion-coated films under Granular solids... 

Crusher Product Sizes Table 20-10 relates product size to the discharge setting of the crusher in terms of the percent smaller than that size in the product. Size-distribution curves differ for various types of materials crushed, and a general set of curves is not vahd. 

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