Carminic acid extraction

Cochineal Extract. Cochineal extract (Cl Natural Red 4, Cl No. 75470 EEC No. E 120) is the concentrated solution obtained after removing the alcohol from an aqueous-alcohoHc extract of cochineal, which is the dried bodies of the female insect Coccus cacti Dactylopius coccus costd) a variety of field louse. The coloring principle of the extract is beHeved to be carminic acid [1260-17-9] (40), an hydroxyanthraquinone linked to a glucose unit, comprising approximately 10% of cochineal and 2—4% of its extract. 

Carmine [1390-65-4] is the aluminum or calcium-aluminum lake on an aluminum hydroxide substrate of the coloring principle (again, chiefly carminic acid) obtained by the aqueous extraction of cochineal. Carmine is normally 50% or more carminic acid. 

Carmine [1390-65-4] is the trade name for the aluminum lake of the red anthraquinone dye carminic acid obtained from the cochineal bug. The dye is obtained from the powdery form of cochineal by extraction with hot water, the extracts treated with aluminum salts, and the dye precipitated from the solution by the addition of ethanol. This water-soluble bright red dye is used for coloring shrimp, pork sausages, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. It is the only animal-derived dye approved as a colorant for foods and other products. 

The same resin was used for the purification via downstream processing of carminic acid, the natural colorant extracted from cochineal. By a direct adsorption method, a crude extract was applied on the polymeric bed gel and the adsorption kinetics studied using elution with hydrochloric acid and ethanol. The desorbed pure carminic acid concentrated under vacuum yielded a final product that complied with Codex Alimentarius requirements and FAO/OMS norms. 

Cochineal pigments are extracted from dried bodies of female insects with water or with ethanol the result is a red solution that is concentrated in order to obtain the 2 to 5% carminic acid concentration customary for commercial cochineal. For carmine lakes, the minimum content of carminic acid is 50%. An industrial procedure applied in Spain uses ammonium hydroxide as the extracting agent and phosphoric acid as the acidifying agent. For analytical purposes the extraction is carried out with 2 N HCl at 100°C. The chemical synthesis of carminic acid has also been reported and is the subject of European and United States patents. ... 

Carmine extracted from cochineal insects is one of the most used natural colorings for beverages and other foods. Some representative articles refer to isolation and spectrometric analysis or the use of HPLC or capillary electrophoresis (CE) to separate and characterize all cochineal pigments. Its active ingredient, carminic acid, was quantified by rapid HPLC-DAD or fluorescence spectrometry. Carminic acid, used as an additive in milk beverages, was separated within 9 min using a high-efficiency CE separation at pH 10.0 after a previous polyamide column solid phase extraction (SPE), ... 

The natural dye was extracted by immersion of fresh Morns nigra (black mulberry) in ethanol for several hours. The pure violet dye extract, a blend of p-carotene and Morus nigra, and a composite blend of chlorophyll A and B, carminic acid, trans-P-carotene, and Morus nigra extracts (hereafter called Mix) were deposited on Ti02. 

The adsorption spectra in the UV-visible range of the extracts exhibit different broad bands depending on the component of the mixtures photocurrent measurements show larger bands in comparison with those derived from adsorbed dyes. In particular, in the case of Mix, a bathochromic shift of about 40 nm was observed the proposed rationale is a band interruption between density states of Ti02 and the HOMO-LUMO in the dye. Moreover, the photocurrent response derives predominantly from the superposition of those of Morus nigra and carminic acid. 

Cochineal and lac dye can be studied by HPLC with spectrophotometric and NI ESI MS detection. [34] In cochineal, carminic acid appears as a dominant colouring agent. In lac dye extracts, the signal at m/z 536 corresponding to a quasi-molecular ion of laccaic acid A is observed as the dominant one. [19]... 

The optimized RPLC UV-Vis ESI MS method for all typical blue colourants (indi-goids, hematein, tannins, anthocyanins and selected flavonoids) was used for the identification of dyes extracted from a thread taken from an Italian tapestry of unknown origin from the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw (Poland). It was found that to obtain the red-blue colour of the fibre a mixture of dyestuffs was probably used. The presence of indigotin, tannic and ellagic acid (at m/z 301, NI), as well as carminic acid, suggested the use of indigo and cochineal. Reseda luteola could also have been used due to the presence of luteolin and apigenin. 

Kiss [8] examined various techniques for the efficient separation and preconcentration of boron from marine sediments. Alkaline fusion with potassium carbonate was used to render boron reactive, even in the most resistant silicate minerals. Fusion cakes were extracted with water and borate was isolated by Amberlite XE-243 boron-selective resin. Borate was determined spectrophotometrically, following elution with 2 mol L 1 hydrochloric acid. Either the carminic acid complex (620nm), formed in sulphuric acid (94%) or sulphuric acetic acid (1 4), or the azomethine hydrogen ion association complex (415nm) formed at pH5.2, were used for borate measurement. 

Cochineal extract is obtained from the bodies of the female cochineal insects, particularly Dactylopius coccus Costa, by treating the dried bodies with ethanol. After removal of the solvent, the dried residue contains about 2-4% carminic acid, the main colored component. The cochineal insects grow on cactus and,... 

Carmine occurs as bright red, friable pieces or as a dark red powder. It is the aluminum or the calcium-aluminum lake, on an aluminum hydroxide substrate, of the coloring principles obtained by an aqueous extraction of cochineal. Cochineal consists of the dried female insects Dactylopius coccus costa (Coccus cacti L.), enclosing young larvae the coloring principles thus derived consist mainly of carminic acid (C22H20O13). It is soluble in alkali solutions, slightly soluble in hot water, and practically insoluble in cold water and in dilute acids. 

Carminic acid, a naturally occurring red pigment extracted from the cochineal insect, contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It was commonly used as a dye in the first half of the nineteenth century. It is 53.66% C and 4.09% H by mass. A titration required 18.02 mL of 0.0406 M NaOH to neutralize 0.3602 g of carminic acid. Assuming that there is only one acidic hydrogen per molecule, what is the molecular formula of carminic acid ... 

The major pigment of cochineal is polyhydroxyanthraquinone C-glycoside, car-minic acid (Formula 9.16), which may be present at up to 20% dry weight of the mature insects. Cochineal extract or carminic acid are rarely used as coloring materials for food, but are usually offered in the form of their lake. Aluminum complexes (lakes) can be prepared with ratios of cochineal and aluminum varying from 8 1 to 2 1, having corresponding shades from pale yellow to violet. 

The very sensitive curcumin method is often used for determining trace amounts of boron. The carmine-acid method is much less sensitive. Extraction-spectrophotometric methods based on ion-associates of BF4 with Methylene Blue and other basic dyes are of importance in the determination of boron. 

Before its determination, boron is normally separated either as volatile trimethyl borate or by other methods. Carminic acid solutions in cone. H2SO4 and glacial CH3COOH were added directly to the chloroform extract of boron with 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol [15]. 

The hot water extractable soil B method is based on refluxing air dry soil for 10 minutes with deionised water at a 1 2 soil/solution ratio. After replacing liquid lost during reflux, extracts are filtered while hot and allowed to cool. The first of the two analytical finishes is a colorimetric procedure which utilises azomethine-H (Rayment Higginson 1992). It is preferred when ICPAES is not available. Other colorimetric procedures for determining B, including carminic acid (Hatcher Wilcox 1950) and curcumin (Hayes ... 

Cochineal extract (Colour Index 75470, E 120)is the final alcohol-free material obtained after aqueous ethanolic extraction of the dried bodies of the female scale insect Dactylopius coccus Costa which lives on cacti such as Opuntia or Nopalea coccinellifera a species indigenous to Peru and Mexico, although also found in the Canary Islands. In practice a simpler procedure consists of aqueous alkaline extraction. The colourant principle is carminic acid which is more well-known in the form of carmine, an aluminium chelate of carminic acid, a material insoluble in water and stable on the acidic side. A uv spectrophotometric study has been made (ref. 21). Thin layer chromatography of cochineal has been examined on acetylated cellulose with the solvent system, ethyl acetate-tetrahydrofuran-water (6 35 47) in which the Rf was 0.94 (refs.22,23). The history of the chemistry of cochineal has been discussed (ref.24). 

Synonyms Alum carmine Aluminum calcium lake Alum lake Alum lake of carminic acid Carmine Carmine alum lake Carmine, certified Carmine extract Carmine, high purity biological slain Cl 75470 Cochineal extract B Rose Liq. 

See aiso Carminic acid Cochineal (Coccus cacti) extract CAS 1260-17-9... 

Cochineal extract. See Cochineal (Coccus cacti) extract Carmine (Coccus cacti) Cochineal Red A. See Acid red 18 Cochineal tincture. See Carminic acid Cochlearia armoracia Cochlearia armoracia extract. See Horseradish (Cochlearia... 

Natural musk ambrette. See Ambrettolide Natural orange 4. See Annatto (Bixa orellana) Annatto (Bixa orellana) extract Natural orange 6. See Lawsone Natural pearl essence. See Guanine Natural red 4. See Carminic acid Natural Red Beet Liq. 275280. See Betanine Natural red oxide. See Ferric oxide Natural rubber CAS 9006-04-6... 

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