Water soil extraction

A diol SPE column is conditioned by passing 10 mL of methanol through the column followed by 10 mL of purified water. Soil extract (10 mL) is passed through the column and the column washed with an additional 10 mL of water. The column is then eluted twice with 4 mL of a 3 2 v/v solution of acetonitrile 0.1 M aqueous ammonium acetate solution. The eluate is then analyzed (adapted from Reference 25). 

The aerial parts were leached by soaking 100 g of fresh plants in 100 mL of distilled water. Soil extracts were prepared in a 2 1 proportion. The organic extracts of leaves were obtained with the following solvents hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, benzene, acetone, and methanol. The essential oils were obtained by steam distillation and the pure substances with several extraction techniques (11, 12, 13, 14). 

In this paper, we will review our previous research on a radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure for the detection and quantitation of picloram using polyclonal antisera (15). Furthermore, we will also discuss our research on indirect EIA procedures using monoclonal and polyclonal anti-picloram antibodies which were compared in terms of the characteristics of the standard curves and performance based on the determination of picloram in fortified water, soil extracts, plant extracts, and human urine samples (16). 

Determinations of picloram in fortified water, soil extracts, plant extracts, and urine indicated that the monoclonal assay was far superior for quantitative determinations (Tables III, IV). 

Conversely, confluence flow injection systems rely on sample insertion into a chemically inert carrier stream and the required reagents are added by confluence. The configuration is characteristic of the segmented flow analyser. The carrier (or background) stream is a solution similar to the sample but without the chemical species under determination. Distilled water, soil extracting solution, ethanol and synthetic seawater are examples of chemically inert carrier streams for the analysis of natural waters, soil extracts, spirits and seawater, respectively. 

Ca Waters, soil extracts, plant digests UV-Vis 3.1,110, 24.4 0-500 mg IA1 (three ranges) Wide-range spectrophotometry/merging zones [99]... 

Zbiral, J. (1992). Determination of molybdenum in hot water soil extracts influence of pH and available iron on the molybdenum content. Commun. Soil Sci Plant Anal. 23 817-25. 

At that time, fire, water, soil, and air represented the pillars of the four-element apprenticeship. Metals were extracted as pure elements in the present sense), even if they were not yet recognized as such. They were designated by astronomical and astrological symbols. 

Minerals and Ash. The water-soluble extract solids which iafuse from tea leaves contain 10—15% ash. The tea plant has been found to be rich in potassium (24) and contains significant quantities of calcium, magnesium (25), and aluminum (26). Tea beverages are also a significant source of fluoride (27), owing in part to the uptake of aluminum fluoride from soils (28,29). 

On-line LC-GC has frequently been used as a clean-up technique for the analysis of trace levels of contaminants (pesticides, plasticizers, dyestuffs and toxic organic chemicals) in water and food products. Several different approaches have been proposed for the analysis of contaminants by on-line LC-GC. Since pesticide residues occur at low concentration in water, soil or food, extraction and concentration is needed before GC analysis is carried out. 

Soil extracts are usually very complex. In water samples, humic and fulvic acids make analysis difficult, especially when polar substances are to be determined. Multidimensional chromatography can also make a significant contribution here to this type of analysis. 

Important developments in LC-GC have been made by Grob and co-workers (79-81) and by the Brinkman group (82-87), who have mainly studied the application of this technique to environmental analysis. This coupled technique has usually been applied to water, although air and soil extracts have also been analysed. 

Kadoum AM. 1968. Cleanup procedure for water, soil, animal, and plant extracts for the use of electron-capture detector in the gas chromatographic analysis of organophosphorus insecticide residues. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 3 247-253. 

Analysis of water directly extraction of soil with methanol followed by dilution of extract with water... 

Propanil and its metabolite in the n-hexane phase of the soil extract derived from Section 3.2.2(2) are passed through a Florisil column (previously activated at 300 °C overnight and deactivated with 2% water 2 g). Propanil residues are eluted with 20 mL of diethyl ether-n-hexane (1 1, v/v). 

Transfer crop and soil samples from Section 6.1 (strawberry and rice grain) and Section 6.2 with 5 mL of methanol to 30-mL test-tubes and add to each test-tube 0.05 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid. Attach a condenser and reflux the solution at 75 °C for 60 min to esterify prohexadione to its corresponding methyl ester. Cool the reaction mixture to room temperature, add 20 mL of water and extract the reaction solution twice with 20 mL of dichloromethane. Dry the dichloromethane layer with a small amount of anhydrous sodium sulfate and collect the dried solution in a 100-mL round-bottom flask. Evaporate the solvent under reduced pressure. 

Macroporous diatomaceous column (e.g.. Chem Elut column). The combined soil extract is concentrated to dryness under vacuum, the residue is dissolved in 15 mL of water and the solution is applied to a Chem Elut column. After charging for 20 min, acetamiprid is eluted with 100 mL of dichloromethane. The eluate is evaporated to... 

After extracting fluthiacet-methyl from the soil extract with n-hexane, pass the residual aqueous layer through a dual cartridge of Sep-Pak Plus NH2 and Sep-Pak Plus C18 to adsorb the free form of fluthiacet-methyl on Sep-Pak Plus Gig. Remove the Sep-Pak Plus C18, wash it with 0.5% acetic acid and acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (20 80 0.5, v/v/v), elute with acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (50 50 0.5, v/v/v) and quantify the free form by HPLC. The operating conditions for HPLC are the same as those for fluthiacet-methyl, except that the mobile phase is acetonitrile-water-acetic acid (50 50 0.5, v/v/v) (retention time 8.8 min). 

Transfer the soil extract (from Section 6.1) into a 1000-mL separatory funnel, add 200 mL of water and 10 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution, and extract the sample with 100 mL of dichloromethane three times. Dry the dichloromethane extract with anhydrous sodium sulfate in a funnel in a similar manner as described for juice, pulp and rind, and collect the dried solution in a 500-mL round-bottom flask. Evaporate the dichloromethane under reduced pressure. Dissolve the residue in 3 mL of benzene. 

For soil. Extract 50 g (dry weight, containing about 5 g of the water) of the soil sample similarly as described above, using 95 mL of the distilled water. 

Improved Methods for Collection, Bioassay, Isolation, and Characterization of Compounds. Techniques used to characterize natural products are evolving rapidly as more sophisticated instrumentation is developed. Plant physiologists and chemists should work closely together on this aspect, since rapid and reproducable bioassays are essential at each step. There is no standard technique that will work effectively for every compound. Briefly, isolation of a compound involves extraction or collection in a appropriate solvent or adsorbant. Commonly used extraction solvents for plants are water or aqueous methanol in which either dried or live plant parts are soaked. After extracting the material for varying lengths of time, the exuded material is filtered or centrifuged before bioassay. Soil extraction is more difficult, since certain solvents (e.g. bases) may produce artifacts. 

Soil Extract with distilled water, filter, pass through C18 sorbent, elute with chloroform, add internal standard GC/FID No data 66 7% Tomes et al. 1991... 

This paper is a review of methods for estimating releases of chemicals into the environment in the course of extraction of raw materials, manufacturing, use, storage, transportation, and disposal, as well as by accidents or natural processes. It discusses source types, forms of substances released (solids, liquids, and gases), receiving media (air, water, soil), time pattern of release (continuous versus intermittent, cyclic versus random), and geographic patterns of release (point, line, area, and volume sources). 

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