Cochineal Extract

Exempt colorants are made up of a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds representing the animal, vegetable, and mineral kingdoms. Some, like -carotene and 2inc oxide, are essentially pure factory-produced chemicals of definite and known composition. Others, including annatto extract, cochineal extract, caramel, and beet powder are mixtures obtained from natural sources and have somewhat indefinite compositions. 

Cochineal Extract. Cochineal extract (Cl Natural Red 4, Cl No. 75470 EEC No. E 120) is the concentrated solution obtained after removing the alcohol from an aqueous-alcohoHc extract of cochineal, which is the dried bodies of the female insect Coccus cacti Dactylopius coccus costd) a variety of field louse. The coloring principle of the extract is beHeved to be carminic acid [1260-17-9] (40), an hydroxyanthraquinone linked to a glucose unit, comprising approximately 10% of cochineal and 2—4% of its extract. 

Cochineal extract 7-D-glucopyranosyl-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-l-methyl-9.10-dioxoanthracene-2-carboxylic acid... 

Chimenos, J.M. et al.. Removal of ammonium and phosphates from wastewater resulting from process of cochineal extraction using MgO-containing by-product. Water Res., 37, 1601, 2003. 

Cochineal extract is obtained from the bodies of the female cochineal insects, particularly Dactylopius coccus Costa, by treating the dried bodies with ethanol. After removal of the solvent, the dried residue contains about 2-4% carminic acid, the main colored component. The cochineal insects grow on cactus and,... 

Cochineal extract - [COLORANTS FORFOOD, DRUGS, COSMETICS AND MEDICALDEVICES] (Vol 6) - pYES, NATURAL] (Vol 8) -as food additive [FOOD ADDITIVES] (Vol 11)... 

Exempt colors do not have to undergo formal FDA certification requirements, hut are monitored for purity. The colorants exempt from FD C certification are annatto extract, /i-carolene, beet powder, 0-apo—8 -carntenol. canlhaxanthin. caramel, carmine, carrot oil. cochineal extract, cottonseed Hour, ferrous gluconate, fruit juices, grape skin extract, paprika, paprika oleoresin. riboflavin, saffron, titanium dioxide, turmeric, turmeric oleoresin. ultramarine blue, and vegetable juices. See also Colorants (Foods). 

Annatto extract Beta-apo-8 -carotenal Beta-carotene Beet powder Canthaxanthin Caramel Carrot oil Cochineal extract (carmine)... 

Carmine (cochineal extract) Turmeric (curcuma) Crocetin, crocin... 

The major pigment of cochineal is polyhydroxyanthraquinone C-glycoside, car-minic acid (Formula 9.16), which may be present at up to 20% dry weight of the mature insects. Cochineal extract or carminic acid are rarely used as coloring materials for food, but are usually offered in the form of their lake. Aluminum complexes (lakes) can be prepared with ratios of cochineal and aluminum varying from 8 1 to 2 1, having corresponding shades from pale yellow to violet. 

Both carmine and cochineal extract are made from the dried female insect, Dactylopius coccus costa, commonly known as cochineal. The cochineal live on specific cacti and the main prodnction is in Pern, bnt cochineal are also produced in Chile, Bolivia and the Canary Islands. There are nsnally two harvests per year, where the cochineal are removed mannally with snitable tools from leaves of the cacti. Following harvest the insects are snn dried before further processing. The cochineal insects are extracted nsing an aqueous alkaline solution. The resnlting cochineal extract can either be formulated to different cochineal products in powder or liquid form or further processed to carmine. Cochineal products are water-soluble and orange in low pH applications. The colour intensity is relatively low. 

Carmine is achieved by the complexing of cochineal extract with calcimn and aluminium. It can be standardised with maltodextrin or lactose and sold as carmine lake products of different concentrations and different shades of pink through red and violet to blue. Carmine is insoluble in water and acids, but soluble in alkali. By dissolving carmine lake in aqueous potassium, sodium and ammonium hydroxide, water-soluble powders and solutions can be made. Carmine has high colour intensity and is therefore more cost-effective than cochineal extract. 

B Rose liquid Carmine Carmine (Coccus cacti L.) CCRIS 1204 Cochineal (Coccus cacti L.) Cochineal extract lake EINECS 215-724-4 FEMA No, 2242 FEMA No. 2330. Aluminum lake of the coloring agent, cochineal cochineal Is a natural pigment derived from the dried female insect Coccus cacti dyes, inks, indicator in chemioal analysis, coloring food, medicine. Acefo Co/p, Greet R.W. Co. Penta Mfg. Warner-Jenkinson. 

Cochineal extract (Colour Index 75470, E 120)is the final alcohol-free material obtained after aqueous ethanolic extraction of the dried bodies of the female scale insect Dactylopius coccus Costa which lives on cacti such as Opuntia or Nopalea coccinellifera a species indigenous to Peru and Mexico, although also found in the Canary Islands. In practice a simpler procedure consists of aqueous alkaline extraction. The colourant principle is carminic acid which is more well-known in the form of carmine, an aluminium chelate of carminic acid, a material insoluble in water and stable on the acidic side. A uv spectrophotometric study has been made (ref. 21). Thin layer chromatography of cochineal has been examined on acetylated cellulose with the solvent system, ethyl acetate-tetrahydrofuran-water (6 35 47) in which the Rf was 0.94 (refs.22,23). The history of the chemistry of cochineal has been discussed (ref.24). 

Cochineal. Extract 1 g of cochineal for 4 days with 20 mL of alcohol and 60 mL of distilled water. Filter. 

Synonyms Alum carmine Aluminum calcium lake Alum lake Alum lake of carminic acid Carmine Carmine alum lake Carmine, certified Carmine extract Carmine, high purity biological slain Cl 75470 Cochineal extract B Rose Liq. 

Synonyms Coccus cacti Coccus cacti extract Cochineal extract Definition Extract from Coccus cacti Uses Colorant in foods and pharmaceuticals Regulatory FDA 21 CFR 73.100, 73.1100 Manuf./Distrib. Buckton Page Ltd http //WWW. bucktonpage. com... 

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