Color components

More and more raw spices are converted to finished products near the growing sites. This saves shipping costs of bulk vs concentrate. Rapid processing also assures less loss of flavor volatiles resulting from evaporation, reduction of colored components due to oxidation or isomeri2ation, and reduction of losses due to insect and rodent infestation. 

Usually, HPLC analysis resolves four peaks identified by co-chromatography with authentic standards as copper pheophorbide a, Cn(II) chlorin e6, Cn(II) chlorin e4, Cu rhodin g7, and their degradation products, but a sum of other colored components can also be found, for example, native chlorophylls, pheophytins, pheophor-bides, and rodochlorins (free carboxyl forms of pheophorbides) besides epimers, allomers, and degradation products that have been only tentatively identified. 

Interpretation/Results The colored component of the bad DA monomer is identified by LC-IR as N,N-dimethyl paraphenylene diamine. 

Cochineal extract is obtained from the bodies of the female cochineal insects, particularly Dactylopius coccus Costa, by treating the dried bodies with ethanol. After removal of the solvent, the dried residue contains about 2-4% carminic acid, the main colored component. The cochineal insects grow on cactus and,... 

Color COMPONENT-]Doriyilorj Graphic IP lmplomonta[Pg.20]

Apart from differences between muscle tissues from various parts of an animal, there are qualitative and quantitative differences in composition between animal species. Therefore, analytical methods will always have lo be tested on material from each individual species, since differences in fat composition, in the presence of species-specific proteins, and in colored components such as in the case of myoglobin in poultry and beef may influence both the extraction and the separation of the analytes. As an example, a recovery higher than 70% was obtained for furazolidone after spiking chicken and veal calf muscle tissue but only 10% after spiking pork tissue (16). In this study, the recovery from pork meat could markedly be improved by addition to the aqueous exfraction solvent of about 25% acetonitrile, an observation indicating binding of furazolidone to pork-specific proteins. 

Goethite is the colored component of yellow ocher a weathering product mainly of siderite, sulfidic ores, and feldspar. It occurs in workable amounts mainly in the Republic of South Africa and France. The Fe2Oa content gives an indication of the iron oxide hydroxide content of the ocher, and is ca. 20% in the French deposits and ca. 55% in the South African. 

White light is separated into its color components by (a) a prism and (b) a diffraction grating. 

Purchase some rainbow" glasses from a nature, toy, or hobby store. The lenses of these glasses are diffraction gratings. Looking through them, you will see lig ht separated into its color components. Certain light sources, such as the moon or a car s headlights, are separated into a continuous spectrum—in other words, all the colors of the rainbow appear in a continuous sequence from red to violet. 

Spectroscope A device that uses a prism or diffraction grating to separate light into its color components. 

Inorganic pigments and lakes (organic dyes bonded to an inorganic support) can be recognized by the ratio of elements in their composition, making elemental analysis an important tool in their identification. EDS may facilitate an initial qualitative analysis, but quantitative analysis and the detection of trace elements are needed to identify the inorganic colorant components. Due to sample size restrictions, the methods that can be employed are limited. The techniques of inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ICP-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and laser ablation ICP-MS are described in the literature (56). 

TLC Separation by TLC was performed on silica layers (BOH Chemicals Ltd, Poole, Dorset, U.K.). Separated colored components were detected visually. 

The development of electrophoretic techniques afforded possibilities for fractionations based on charge density differences. Duxbury (1989) has reviewed applications of different electrophoretic separation methods, including zone electrophoresis, moving boundary electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, and isoelectric focusing (IEF). Preparative column electrophoresis (Clapp, 1957) and continuous flow paper electrophoresis (Hayes, 1960 summarized by Hayes et al., 1985) methods have been used to separate components isolated from sapric histosol soils. These techniques allowed separation of polysaccharides from the colored components the electrophoretograms of the colored components were diffuse, showing a continuum of components of different charge densities. 

Figure IB shows the effect of HLB value of the two Tween (TW) series surfactants on digestibility using a surfactant loading of 0.5 wt%. The HLB values of TW-85 and TW-80 are 11.0 and 15.0, respectively (Table 1). Unlike NP series surfactants, the dark-colored components were not distributed among the fibers (not shown). However, a slightly thicker band than the one formed in the control sample was observed in the upper portion of the bottle. As in NP series surfactant, digestibility did not depend on the HLB value. From the results shown in Fig. 1, it can be said that surfactants can improve ink removal efficiency, but not enzymatic digestibility.

Refer to Fig. 27.3 and replace both positions labeled A by colored component atoms. 

Are they cis or trans (7a) Do a ring flip. Are the two colored components cis or trans (7b) Does the geometry change for the two components as the ring undergoes a ring flip (7c) Repeat the exercise, replacing atoms in positions labeled A and B and answer the same three questions for this model. 

Now take one of the models you constructed in no. 7, and on one of the carbon centers exchange any two colored component groups. Does the new model have a plane of symmetry (8a) Is it chiral or achiral (8b) How many stereocenters are present (8c) Take this model and one of the models you constructed in no. 7 and see whether they are superimposable. Are the two models superimposable (8d) Are the two models identical or different (8e) Are the two models mirror images of each other (8f) Here we have a pair of molecular models, each with two stereocenters, that are not mirror images of each other. These two examples represent diastereomers, stereoisomers that are not related as mirror images. 

Construct models of a pair of enantiomers use tetrahedral carbon and four differently colored components for the four different groups red, green, blue, white. Hold one of the models in the following way ... 

HOOC—CH(OH)—CH(OH)—COOH use your colored components to represent the... 

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