Principles coloring

The chief coloring principle found ia the oil or fat extracts of annatto seeds is the carotenoid hixin (36, R = UH3) (Cl Natural Orange 4, Cl No. 

Cochineal Extract. Cochineal extract (Cl Natural Red 4, Cl No. 75470 EEC No. E 120) is the concentrated solution obtained after removing the alcohol from an aqueous-alcohoHc extract of cochineal, which is the dried bodies of the female insect Coccus cacti Dactylopius coccus costd) a variety of field louse. The coloring principle of the extract is beHeved to be carminic acid [1260-17-9] (40), an hydroxyanthraquinone linked to a glucose unit, comprising approximately 10% of cochineal and 2—4% of its extract. 

Carmine [1390-65-4] is the aluminum or calcium-aluminum lake on an aluminum hydroxide substrate of the coloring principle (again, chiefly carminic acid) obtained by the aqueous extraction of cochineal. Carmine is normally 50% or more carminic acid. 

Paprika oleoresin (EEC No. E 160c) is the combination of davor and color principles obtained by extracting paprika with any one or a combination of approved solvents acetone, ethyl alcohol, ethylene dichloride, hexane, isopropyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methylene chloride, and trichloroethylene. Depending on their source, paprika oleoresins are brown—red, slightly viscous, homogeneous Hquids, pourable at room temperature, and containing 2—5% sediment. 

The coloring principles of saffron are crocin [42553-65-1] and crocetin [27876-94-4J. Crocin is the gentiobiose diester of crocetin (44)... 

Turmeric contains two main classes of compounds the curcuminoids responsible for the yellow color and the aroma compounds. The coloring principle of turmeric consists of three major phenolic derivatives curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Commercially available products called curcumins contain curcumin (l,7-bis(4-hydroxy-methoxyphenyl)-l,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione) as the major component (about 77% of total curcuminoids). Some other minor phenohc compounds such as cyclocurcumin and calebin were also isolated from turmeric. See Figure 5.2.1. 

As to the praise manner in which chlorine effects the destruction of coloring principles, this is a question upon which there is much difference of opinion. It cannot be questioned, however, that tho injurious action of free chlorine on the substance of oils is owing to its "powerful affinity for hydrogen, and that by the abstraction of this element mere at less completely from the oil, entirely new -and probably substitution compounds are produced, which will account for iliq alteration in the color and consistence of the oil.. ... 

In the flourishing chemical industry of the 1800, novel dye syntheses played a very significant role. The synthesis of indigo, the king of dyes , was a particular challenge. The motivation was partly academic curiosity as to the nature of the unknown coloration principle involved. But the economic interest of being able to produce this 5000-t/a dye more cheaply and in higher quality also provided a powerful impetus. 

The US Code of Federal Regulations 21 CFR 73.615 defines turmeric oleoresin as the combination of flavour and color principles obtained from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)... 

Carmine occurs as bright red, friable pieces or as a dark red powder. It is the aluminum or the calcium-aluminum lake, on an aluminum hydroxide substrate, of the coloring principles obtained by an aqueous extraction of cochineal. Cochineal consists of the dried female insects Dactylopius coccus costa (Coccus cacti L.), enclosing young larvae the coloring principles thus derived consist mainly of carminic acid (C22H20O13). It is soluble in alkali solutions, slightly soluble in hot water, and practically insoluble in cold water and in dilute acids. 

To the pharmacist and chemist lichens are chiefly of interest because of the coloring principles which they contain. Species of Lecanorasj A Rocella tinctoria yield, when subjected to fermentation. 

CAS 475-25-2. C16H1206. A tetracyclic compound. An oxidation product of hematoxylin, the coloring principle of logwood. Not to be confused with he-matin. 

CAS 480-16-0. C15H10O7 2H2O. One of the two coloring principles of yellow brazilwood. Properties Colorless needles. Mp 285C (decomposes). Soluble in alcohol, alkaline solutions slightly soluble in boiling water. Combustible. 

Crodn (gardenin). Formula, see under crocetin. 4411 4024, Mr 976.98, brown-red needles, mp. 180-190°C (decomp.), soluble in hot water, poorly soluble in organic solvents, uv 464, 434 nm (CHjOH). C. is the di-j8-gentiobiosyl ester of a- cro-cetin and occurs in Crocus (Iridaceae) and Gardenia (Rubiaceae) species and as the colored principle in saffron (Crocus sativus, content 24-27%). 

Classification Monoazo color Definition Red coloring matter consistg. of the dried bodies of the female insects of Coccus cacti. The coloring principle is carminic acid, C22H20O13 Empirical C20H14N2O10S3 3Na Properties M.w. 607.51... 

Definition The coloring principle from curcuma Empirical C21H20O6... 

Definition Dried stigmata of Crocus sativus, contg. glycoside picrocrocin, coloring principles crocin and crocetin... 

Cochineal ka-cho- nel, ko- [MF Sp MF cochenille, ff. OSp cochinilla cochineal insect] (1582) n. Natural organic dyestuff made from the bodies of the female insect. Coccus Cacti, which lives on plants in Central and South America. The coloring principle is known as carminic acid and is generally laked. It is not fast to hght. 

Coloring Matter Indigo Coloring Principle Coloring Matters ... 

The coloring principle of saffron, crocin, which was isolated from the hila of Crocus salivas, is the ester of a carotenoid pigment (crocetin), and has the structure 12) ... 

The chief coloring principle found in the oil or fat extracts of annatto seeds is the carotenoid bixin (43, R = CH3) (Cl Natural Orange 4, [6983-79-5] EEC No. E 160b), which is the monomethyl ester of the dicarboxyhc acid norbixin. The principal colorant in alkaline aqueous extracts is norbixin [542-40-5] (42, R = H) (50,51). 

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