Carmine extraction

Carmine extracted from cochineal insects is one of the most used natural colorings for beverages and other foods. Some representative articles refer to isolation and spectrometric analysis or the use of HPLC or capillary electrophoresis (CE) to separate and characterize all cochineal pigments. Its active ingredient, carminic acid, was quantified by rapid HPLC-DAD or fluorescence spectrometry. Carminic acid, used as an additive in milk beverages, was separated within 9 min using a high-efficiency CE separation at pH 10.0 after a previous polyamide column solid phase extraction (SPE), ... 

Synonyms Alum carmine Aluminum calcium lake Alum lake Alum lake of carminic acid Carmine Carmine alum lake Carmine, certified Carmine extract Carmine, high purity biological slain Cl 75470 Cochineal extract B Rose Liq. 

Carmine extract Carmine, high purity biological stain. See Carmine (Coccus cacti)... 

Cochineal Extract. Cochineal extract (Cl Natural Red 4, Cl No. 75470 EEC No. E 120) is the concentrated solution obtained after removing the alcohol from an aqueous-alcohoHc extract of cochineal, which is the dried bodies of the female insect Coccus cacti Dactylopius coccus costd) a variety of field louse. The coloring principle of the extract is beHeved to be carminic acid [1260-17-9] (40), an hydroxyanthraquinone linked to a glucose unit, comprising approximately 10% of cochineal and 2—4% of its extract. 

Carmine [1390-65-4] is the aluminum or calcium-aluminum lake on an aluminum hydroxide substrate of the coloring principle (again, chiefly carminic acid) obtained by the aqueous extraction of cochineal. Carmine is normally 50% or more carminic acid. 

Carmine [1390-65-4] is the trade name for the aluminum lake of the red anthraquinone dye carminic acid obtained from the cochineal bug. The dye is obtained from the powdery form of cochineal by extraction with hot water, the extracts treated with aluminum salts, and the dye precipitated from the solution by the addition of ethanol. This water-soluble bright red dye is used for coloring shrimp, pork sausages, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. It is the only animal-derived dye approved as a colorant for foods and other products. 

Pontacyl Carmine 2G (Acid Red 1, Amido Naphthol Red G, Azophloxine, l-acetamido-8-hydroxy-7-phenylazonaphthalene-3,7-disulfonic acid di-Na salt) [3734-67-6] M 510.4, Cl 18050, X.max 532nm. Salted out three times with sodium acetate, then repeatedly extracted with EtOH. See Solochrome Violet R on p. 352 in Chapter 4. [McGrew and Schneider 7 Am Chem Soc 72 2547 1950.]... 

Carmine is a colored pigment extracted from the female insect Coccus cacti or Dactylopius coccus, or its eggs. These insects live on prickly pear cactus in Mexico. The Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes brought the dye to Europe after seeing the Aztecs use it. 

The same resin was used for the purification via downstream processing of carminic acid, the natural colorant extracted from cochineal. By a direct adsorption method, a crude extract was applied on the polymeric bed gel and the adsorption kinetics studied using elution with hydrochloric acid and ethanol. The desorbed pure carminic acid concentrated under vacuum yielded a final product that complied with Codex Alimentarius requirements and FAO/OMS norms. 

Cochineal pigments are extracted from dried bodies of female insects with water or with ethanol the result is a red solution that is concentrated in order to obtain the 2 to 5% carminic acid concentration customary for commercial cochineal. For carmine lakes, the minimum content of carminic acid is 50%. An industrial procedure applied in Spain uses ammonium hydroxide as the extracting agent and phosphoric acid as the acidifying agent. For analytical purposes the extraction is carried out with 2 N HCl at 100°C. The chemical synthesis of carminic acid has also been reported and is the subject of European and United States patents. ... 

The natural dye was extracted by immersion of fresh Morns nigra (black mulberry) in ethanol for several hours. The pure violet dye extract, a blend of p-carotene and Morus nigra, and a composite blend of chlorophyll A and B, carminic acid, trans-P-carotene, and Morus nigra extracts (hereafter called Mix) were deposited on Ti02. 

The adsorption spectra in the UV-visible range of the extracts exhibit different broad bands depending on the component of the mixtures photocurrent measurements show larger bands in comparison with those derived from adsorbed dyes. In particular, in the case of Mix, a bathochromic shift of about 40 nm was observed the proposed rationale is a band interruption between density states of Ti02 and the HOMO-LUMO in the dye. Moreover, the photocurrent response derives predominantly from the superposition of those of Morus nigra and carminic acid. 

Cochineal and lac dye can be studied by HPLC with spectrophotometric and NI ESI MS detection. [34] In cochineal, carminic acid appears as a dominant colouring agent. In lac dye extracts, the signal at m/z 536 corresponding to a quasi-molecular ion of laccaic acid A is observed as the dominant one. [19]... 

The optimized RPLC UV-Vis ESI MS method for all typical blue colourants (indi-goids, hematein, tannins, anthocyanins and selected flavonoids) was used for the identification of dyes extracted from a thread taken from an Italian tapestry of unknown origin from the collection of the National Museum in Warsaw (Poland). It was found that to obtain the red-blue colour of the fibre a mixture of dyestuffs was probably used. The presence of indigotin, tannic and ellagic acid (at m/z 301, NI), as well as carminic acid, suggested the use of indigo and cochineal. Reseda luteola could also have been used due to the presence of luteolin and apigenin. 

Kiss [8] examined various techniques for the efficient separation and preconcentration of boron from marine sediments. Alkaline fusion with potassium carbonate was used to render boron reactive, even in the most resistant silicate minerals. Fusion cakes were extracted with water and borate was isolated by Amberlite XE-243 boron-selective resin. Borate was determined spectrophotometrically, following elution with 2 mol L 1 hydrochloric acid. Either the carminic acid complex (620nm), formed in sulphuric acid (94%) or sulphuric acetic acid (1 4), or the azomethine hydrogen ion association complex (415nm) formed at pH5.2, were used for borate measurement. 

Cochineal extract is obtained from the bodies of the female cochineal insects, particularly Dactylopius coccus Costa, by treating the dried bodies with ethanol. After removal of the solvent, the dried residue contains about 2-4% carminic acid, the main colored component. The cochineal insects grow on cactus and,... 

It was stated that the chromatographic analysis of the flavonoid profde may help the determination of taxonomic relationships between these species [125], The optimization of the separation of flavonoid glycosides of Mentha piperita (Laminaceae) was carried out on silica, amino, cyano and C18 HPTLC statinoary phases. The investigation was motivated by the spasmolytic, carminative and cholagogue characteristics of the plant. Air-dried and powdered leaves of peppermint (300 g) were extracted with methanol-water 1 1 v/v at ambient temperature. The suspension was filtered, concentrated to 200 ml acidified to pH 3 with formic acid and separated in an ODS column (400 X 40 mm i.d. particle size 40 pm). 

Peru. Hot water extracts of the dried root and dried aerial parts are taken orally as a carminative, emmenagogue, and vermifuge " "" . 

United States. Hot water extract of the fruit is taken orally to stimulate menstru-ation° l Hot water extract of the seed is taken orally as an emmenagogue° . Seeds are taken orally as an emmenagogue, diuretic, and abortifacienH h The fresh root is taken orally for general nervousness, and the hot water extract is taken orally as a diuretic in dropsy and as a tonic . Hot water extract of the dried root and seed is taken orally as a carminative, diuretic, and stimulant . 

Nicaragua. Decoction of the root is taken orally by women during childbirth, as a digestive, and for colds . The rhizome is taken orally for belly pain, fever, and gas ° . Nigeria. The rhizome is taken orally as a blood purifier, febrifuge, carminative, and stimulant, and for malaria, stomachache, headache, and indigestion . Water extract of the dried rhizome is taken orally to treat malaria and schistosomiasis . Oman. Infusion of the rhizome is taken orally as an expectorant and for bronchitis. 

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