Chemical carcinogen

The food additive and GRAS rules appHcable to human foods generally apply to animal food ingredients. However, the Delaney clause s prohibition against carcinogenic substances in food additives was amended to permit carcinogenic chemicals to be fed to animals if the animals are not adversely affected and no residue can be found after slaughter. 

A2 - Suspected human carcinogens. Chemical substances, or substances associated with industrial process, which are suspect of inducing cancer, based on their limited epidemiological evidence or demonstration of carcinogenesis in one or more animal species by appropriate methods. 

A particularly strict exposure-control policy is applied for carcinogenic chemicals. The OELs are usually lowered considerably even when a chemical... 

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are widespread environmental contaminants and one of the most potent classes of carcinogenic chemicals. They are byproducts of combustion, and significant levels are produced in automobile exhaust, refuse burning, smoke stack effluents, and tobacco smoke. It is strongly suspected that PAH may play an important role in human cancer. 

Keywords carcinogenicity chemical terrorism chlororganic production dioxins ... 

Some chemicals are believed to have no threshold above which toxic effects are observed. In other words, a single molecule has the potential to induce an adverse effect. The most common group of hazards in this respect are genotoxic carcinogens. Chemical carcinogens are not normally approved as food additives because an acceptable daily intake cannot be established. 

Summing RB, Walton MF. 1973. Modification of the acute toxicity of mutagenic and carcinogenic chemicals in the mouse by prefeeding with antioxidants. Food Cosmet Toxicol 11 547-553. 

The concentration over time of the initiating carcinogenic chemical (typically a metabolite) at the cellular target. 

Cigarette smoke contains a minute amount of polonium, along with many other carcinogenic chemicals, many of which can cause lung cancer. Over one hundred trace elements and compounds have been identified in cigarette smoke besides polonium. Some examples are nicotine, cresol, carbon monoxide, pyridine, and the carcinogenic compound benzopyrene. 

WHO/IPCS has published Summary Reports on the Evaluation of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogens (WHO/IPCS 1985a, WHO/IPCS 1990) and a Guide to Short-Term Tests for Detecting Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Chemicals (WHO/IPCS 1985b). 

WHO/IPCS. 1985h. Guide to short-term tests for detecting mutagenic and carcinogenic chemicals. Environmental Health Criteria 51. Geneva WHO. http / www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc051.htm... 

Greim H, Reuter U Classification of carcinogenic chemicals in the work area by German AlAK Commission current examples for the new categories. Toxicology 166 11-23, 2001... 

It is not known how chemicals cause cancer. A fascinating aspect of the story is that many "carcinogenic" chemicals are in fact, not the culprits responsible for cancer induction. The metabolic processes of the body change the chemicals from relatively innocuous substances into reactive intermediates which in as yet unknown fashion, trigger the chain of events which finally result in tumor formation. In other words, chemical carcinogenesis is an effect of "failed" detoxification. 

Nature, Distribution, and Sources of Carcinogenic Chemicals in the Environment... 

Sources and Levels of Carcinogenic Chemicals in the External Elnviromnent... 

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