Carcinogenic compounds

The occurrence of carcinogenic substances in the environment and thus in the hydrosphere as well is a vitally urgent problem [100-110]. The curve of the occurrence of cancer-related diseases has such an increasing tendency that, in parallel with the heart disease, it represents at present one of the most frequent causes of death, especially in view of the fact that these diseases occur in man regardless of age. 

The problem is also complicated by the fact that several substances frequently interact. Their mutual activity can have procarcinogenic effects. Thus, the field of co-carcinogenesis is entered, which even further complicates the situation. 

Carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons occur in water either in the dissolved form (Table 3.28) or adsorbed on various particles. The content 

Some carcinogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons which have been identified and which occur in the environment of man are the following  

1 — chrysene, 2 — benzo[a]anthracene, 3 — dibenzo[a, /ijanthracene, 4 — benzo[a]pyrene, 5 — indeno[l,2,3 — cd]pyrene, 6 — benzo[6]fluoranthene, 7 — benzo[j]fluoranthene, 8 — dibenzo[a, hjpyrene, 9 — dibenzo[a, /]pyrene, 10 — 3-methylcholanthrene, 11 — dibenzo[o, ijpyrene, 12 — benzo[c]phe-nanthrene. The most dangerous of these is benzo[a]pyrene. 

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Dioxin and Furan Emissions. The emissions of polychlorinated dibenzo-/)-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDF) from incinerators (4) are of interest to the pubHc, scientists, and engineers. The U.S. EPA classifies 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-/)-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) as the most potent carcinogenic compound it has evaluated. It is also Hsted as the agency s most potent reproductive toxin (4). 

Potassium permanganate has been found to be an effective (>99%) detoxicant for decontainination by several carcinogenic compounds, among which are ben2o [a]anthracene [56-55-3] ben2o[a]pyrene [50-32-8] 7,12-dimethylben2anthracene [57-97-6] and 3-methylcho1 anthrene [56 9-5] (255). 

However, it was shown that only the higher boiling fractions were carcinogenic and that the spectra of these fractions resembled those of ben2[a]anthracene (65). This work culminated in the isolation of a highly carcinogenic compound, ben2o[a]pyrene (BaP) from coal-tar pitch (66). 

Partial enclosure with local exhaust ventilation, or local exhaust ventilation, of working position separate hazardous processes from other work, e.g. spray-painting with epoxy-containing sensitizing and carcinogenic compounds. 

The benzidine rearrangement is of interest for mechanistic considerations. The preparative applicability may be limited because of the many side products, together with low yields. Furthermore benzidine is a carcinogenic compound. ... 

Unstabilized hypobromite solutions are even more unstable than hypochlorite. Hypobromite disproportionates to bromate (Br03), a toxic and potentially carcinogenic compound, in alkaline conditions. The stabilizer in STABREX inhibits that process as shown in Table3. 

Fig. 5 BALB/c 3T3 cell transformation assay example of focus induced in BALB/c 3T3 clone A31-1-1 after exposure to a carcinogenic compound. Cells are stained with Giemsa stain...

Results from VEGA underline the presence of 13 compounds with carcinogenic activity and only two non-carcinogenic compounds (perfhiorobutanesulfonic acid and perfluorotetradecanoic acid). It is crucial to underline that for each selected PFCs, VEGA provides a remarks about the performance of the prediction in fact, the model indicates that all the analyzed compounds are out of the VEGA applicability domain. 

Finally, results from DEREK clearly suggest that all the selected PFCs are non-carcinogenic compounds. It is important to underline that in our application of DEREK a compound was considered non-carcinogenic if the response was Nothing to report, although this is not the intended use of the Nothing to report output of the Derek for Windows software [50]. 

Two of the most carcinogenic compounds known dibenzo[a,l]pyrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and aflatoxin Bi, a fungal metabolite. 

In the PO-CL system, the compounds showing native fluorescence or that fluoresce after chemical derivatization can be detected. As examples of the PO-CL detection of native fluorescence compounds, dipyridamole and benzydamine in rat plasma [57] and fluphenazine [58] have been reported in the former method, the detection limits of dipyridamole and benzydamine were 345 pM and 147 nM in plasma, respectively. Diamino- and aminopyrenes were sensitively determined using TCPO and their detection limits were in the sub-fmol range [59], Carcinogenic compounds such as 1- nitropyrene and its metabolites, can also be determined by the HPLC-PO-CL system. Nonfluorescent nitropyrenes were converted into the corresponding fluorescent aminopyrenes by online reduction on a Zn column followed by detection 2-50-fmol detection limits were achieved in the determination of ethanol extracts from airborne particulates (Fig. 13) [60],... 

Pasquini, R. and S. Monarca. 1983. Detection of mutagenic/carcinogenic compounds in unused and used motor oils. Sci. Total Environ. 32 55-64. 

Carcinogenic compounds, 9 448 aromatic amine, 9 450 in dye production, 9 296 Carcinogenic elements, in ferrites, 11 59 Carcinogenicity. See also Cancer of acetaldehyde, 25 561 classification scheme for, 13 311 of herbicides, 13 311 hydrazine, 13 590-591 methanol, 16 314 of propylene oxide, 20 811 testing, 25 221-223 of 2,4-D, 13 315 Carcinogenic potential, 25 222 Carcinogenic risk, of nickel compounds, 17 120... 

Titanium dioxide has also been involved in the photocatalysis of toxic inorganic substances to yield harmless or less-toxic species. Sterilisation of drinking water by chlorine yields potentially carcinogenic compounds so that ozone has been used as an alternative sterilising agent. Bromate... 

This section represents different case studies to explain how physical and chemical properties, QSAR and QSPR approaches, and multicomponent toxic effect models can be used to predict the mobility and bioavailability of organic pollutants at aqueous-solid phase interfaces. Such interdisciplinary approaches are applied here to two groups of toxic and carcinogenic compounds. 

Ames test analy chem A bioassay that uses a set of histidine auxotrophic mutants of Salmomlla typhimurium for detecting mutagenic and possibly carcinogenic compounds. amz, test ... 

The possible health hazards associated with the smoking of food are caused by carcinogenic compounds from wood smoke that are found in smoked meats, fish, and cheese. These compounds include PAHs, A-nitroso-compounds (NNCs), and HAs. 

Sforzolini, G.S., Saviano, A., and Merletti, C. The action of chlorine on some hydrocarbons, polycyclic hydrocarbons, contributing to the study of the decontamination of water from carcinogenic compounds. Bull. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper., 46 903-906, 1970. 

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