Safety chemical carcinogens

IARC (1979). Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory Problems of Safety, Scientific Publications No. 33. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyons, France. 

Albert. R.E. (1983) The acceptability of using the cancer risk estimates associated with the radiation protection standard of 5 lems/year as the basis for setting protection standards for chemical carcinogens with special reference to vinyl chloride, Report to Ministry of Labor, Occupational Health and Safety Division, Ibronto, Ontetrio, Canada (Ministry of Labor, Occupational Health and Safety Division, Ibronto, Ontario, Canada). 

Personnel protective equipment may be used in certain circumstances where exposure to airborne particulates contaminated with chemical carcinogens could occur. In those situations, personnel should be equipped with a complete clothing change, as well as respiratory protection selected on the basis of work performed, type of chemical used, and containment equipment. The respiratory protection may be a face mask, respirator [selected from those approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)] (4, 5), or emergency breathing air system. In the latter case, a head hood or a complete protective suit may be used with a breathing air supply system. Figure 2. 

Collection of chemical carcinogens, all waste products, animal carcasses and other materials from the laboratory should be performed by designated personnel on a scheduled basis or when necessary. The suspect or carcinogenic materials should not be placed on uncontrolled loading docks for pickup by general refuse collection personnel. At the National Institutes of Health, the special collection of hazardous materials, including chemical carcinogens, is done by personnel of the Fire Department. In the instance of one of the NCI contractor sites, Frederick Cancer Research Center, located at a military post, personnel from the safety offices perform this service. 

In general, four types of cabinets are used for work with research quantities of chemical carcinogens. These are the conventional fume hood a Class I biological safety cabinet a Class II (Type B) biological safety cabinet and a Class III closed glove box system (8). 

The facility must be designed to control access. Signs should designate restricted areas. Clothing requirements for entry should be identified. There should be directional air control with adequate ventilation rates. Primary containment equipment such as chemical fume hoods, a Class I or Class II (Type B) biological safety cabinet, or a glove box system should be available for use with known or suspect chemical carcinogens or other toxic substances. 

Cancer Institute, Office of Research Safety. Safety standards for research involving chemical carcinogens. DREW Publication No. (NIH) 76-900. Bethesda, MD 20014. 1975. 

Major attention began to be focused on the subject of chemical carcinogenicity in the early 1970 s. The discussion centered on the prospect that if chemical usage continued to grow at contemporary rates, then an increase in the incidence of human cancers could be expected to occur in the late 1980 s. This implicitly endorsed the safety of those chemicals in use at that time the danger was perceived to reside with new chemicals and products. 

Sansone, E.B. and M.W. Slein, Application of the Microbiological Safety Experience to Work with Chemical Carcinogens,... 

Chemical Carcinogen Hazards in Animal Research Facilities, Office of Biohazard Safety, NCI, Bethesda, MD, 15, March 1979. 

In the introduction to Laboratory Use of Chemical Carcinogens (25), the guidelines are defined as to apply to the use of chemical substances for which standards have been promulgated by the Occupational Safety and Health (OSHA) in 29 CFR 1910.1001-1045, chemical substances for which OSHA promulgates standards in the future in accordance with 29 CFR part 1990, and other chemical substances which, in the judgement of the NIH Occupational Safety and Health Committee, pose a carcinogenic risk to laboratory personnel (34-36). 

The Safety Committee should also visit laboratories to ensure that safety policies concerning work with chemical carcinogens are being followed. 

Eye-wash facilities and safety showers must be installed in every laboratory where chemical carcinogens are used. 

Moreover, incineration does not offer a solution to the problem of spillage and is not adapted to the treatment of the second category of wastes as defined above. Since alternative techniques that would be applicable to both of these fields are necessary, the lARC and the Division of Safety of the NIH undertook a programme for the evaluation of chemical methods of decontamination of chemical carcinogens (115). At the time of their evaluation of the bibliography on this subject, Montesano et al. (24) stressed the lack of publications and that, as will be outlined... 

The authors wish to thank the Division of Safety of the National Institute of Health of the USA for their sustained support to this programme, and the following scientists for their participation at various levels in the programme of destruction of chemical carcinogens, either in the elaboration of methods or in their validation ... 

National Institute of Health (USA) National Cancer Institute Safety Standards for Research involving Chemical Carcinogens (DHEW Publication No. 75-900), Be-thesda, MD, 1975... 

Montesano, R., Bartsch, H., Boyland, E., Della Porta, G., Fishbein, L., Griesemer, R. A., Swan, A. B., Tomatis, L. (eds.) Handling Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory, Problems of Safety. (lARC Scientific Publications No. 33), Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1979... 

Le Neveu, D. M., Hawkins, R. J., Weeks, J. L. A Guide to Safe Handling of Non-radioactive Chemical Carcinogens in the Laboratory, Pinawa, Manitoba, Health Safety Division, Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment, Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, 1980... 

New York University Medical Center Chemical Carcinogens Safety Regulations, New York, 1981... 

After review of the various safety aspects related to the handling, storage, transportation of chemical carcinogens, the minimum requirements for installing a room where these substances can be stored and handled in bulk quantities are presented. 

TABLE 4.3.1.1 Chemical Carcinogens Regulated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ... 

Safety/Toxicity Carcinogenicity,75 chemical toxicity,genotoxicity,27hepatotoxicity,28 mutagenic-ity,79 phytotoxicity3o... 

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