Carcinogenic chemicals, classification

Greim H, Reuter U Classification of carcinogenic chemicals in the work area by German AlAK Commission current examples for the new categories. Toxicology 166 11-23, 2001... 

ACGIH TLV TWA 2 ppm (skin) Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen DOT CLASSIFICATION 6.1 Label Poison SAFETY PROFILE Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. A skin and eye irritant. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. Can react vigorously on contact with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic flames of NOx. See also ANILINE and o-TOLUID-INE. 

For the purpose of classification for carcinogenicity, chemical substances are allocated to... 

The first section of this chapter provides a discussion of hazard assessment, classification of potentially dangerous substances, and the process of risk assessment. A summary of the mandatory and voluntary initiatives for regulating chemicals and biocides in the United States and Europe is also included together with information on the regulatory aspects of hazard communication. The second section deals with the scientific aspects of hazard identification and risk assessment of carcinogenic chemicals within the regulatory context. 

If the decision point approach has led to chronic bioassays, then fairly definitive data on carcinogenicity would be obtained. Nevertheless, the results of the in vitro short-term tests are considered for evaluation of possible mechanisms of action and risk extrapolation to humans. Convincing positive results in the in vitro tests coupled with documented in vivo carcinogenicity permits classification of the chemical as a genotoxic carcinogen. It would, therefore, be antici-... 

Open flame Personal behavior Standards of conduct Pipetting Smoking Other standards Chemical hazard control Chemical classification Carcinogens Caustics or corrosives Explosives Flammables Poisons Disposal Labeling Storage... 

TABLE 5.21 Classification of Carcinogenicity of Chemicals According to the International Agency on Research on Cancer... 

The classification as to whetlier a chemical agent is a carcinogen or a noncarcinogen can help identify whetlier it is a healtli liazard. Both topics are briefly reviewed in this section. More extensive information is provided in Chapter 15. 

Purdy [91] used the technique to predict the carcinogenicity of organic chemicals in rodents, although his model was based on physicochemical and molecular orbital-based descriptors as well as on substructural features and it used only a relatively small number of compounds. His decision tree, which was manual rather than computer based, was trained on 306 compounds and tested on 301 different compounds it achieved 96% correct classification for the training set and 90% correct classification for the test set. 

Greim H (ed) Occupational Toxicants, Vol 13, critical data evaluation for MAK values and classification of carcinogens. Commission for the investigation of health hazards of chemical compounds in the work area, Bisphenol A, p 49. New York, VCH, 1999... 

The basic idea of the CLH process is the transfer of responsibility for classification and labeling from industrial companies to authorities on a European Community level. In case of active substances in biocidal or plant protection products, all intrinsic properties including physicochemical properties, human health hazards, and environmental hazards are subject to the harmonization. By contrast, in the case of chemicals which are used in other application fields only some specific hazard classes are considered in the CLH procedure. According to Article 36 of the CLP Regulation, these are respiratory sensitization, carcinogenicity, germ cell mutagenicity, and reproductive toxicity. Consequently, these provisions have... 

IA R C, U.S. EPA, AND U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (DHHS) CLASSIFICATIONS FOR CARCINOGENICITY OF CHEMICAL AGENTS... 

This volume includes evaluations of the carcinogenicity of several chemical intermediates or additives to which a large number of workers are exposed in various industries. Information on the extent of occupational exposures to many of these compounds in the United States was available from the National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) conducted by the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). NOES was a nationwide observational survey conducted in a sample of 4490 establishments from 1981 to 1983. The target population was defined as employees working in establishments or job sites in the United States of America employing eight or more workers in a defined list of Standard Industrial Classifications. 

For a number of other chemicals, the starting point for these reviews was the last full summary and evaluation. The summarized statements prepared previously were incorporated with data published since the previous evaluation. These mini-monographs were prepared for those chemicals for which new epidemiological data and/or experimental carcinogenicity data were available that required review and acceptance by the full plenary meeting of invited experts, because changes in the classifications were anticipated. 

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