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Carbonization, fuel

AFC = all line fuel ceU MCFC = molten carbonate fuel ceU PAFC = phosphoric acid fuel ceU PEFC = polymer electrolyte fuel ceU and SOFC = solid oxide fuel ceU. [Pg.577]

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell. The electrolyte ia the MCFC is usually a combiaation of alkah (Li, Na, K) carbonates retaiaed ia a ceramic matrix of LiA102 particles. The fuel cell operates at 600 to 700°C where the alkah carbonates form a highly conductive molten salt and carbonate ions provide ionic conduction. At the operating temperatures ia MCFCs, Ni-based materials containing chromium (anode) and nickel oxide (cathode) can function as electrode materials, and noble metals are not required. [Pg.579]

S. Sato, in J. R. Sehnan and co-workers, eds.. Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Molten Carbonate Fuel CellTechnology, The Electrochemical Society, Inc., Pennington, N.J., 1990, p. 137. [Pg.586]

Hydrogen use as a fuel in fuel cell appHcations is expected to increase. Fuel cells (qv) are devices which convert the chemical energy of a fuel and oxidant directiy into d-c electrical energy on a continuous basis, potentially approaching 100% efficiency. Large-scale (11 MW) phosphoric acid fuel cells have been commercially available since 1985 (276). Molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) ate expected to be commercially available in the mid-1990s (277). [Pg.432]

An emerging electrochemical appHcation of lithium compounds is in molten carbonate fuel ceUs (qv) for high efficiency, low poUuting electrical power generation. The electrolyte for these fuel ceUs is a potassium carbonate—hthium carbonate eutectic contained within a lithium aluminate matrix. The cathode is a Hthiated metal oxide such as lithium nickel oxide. [Pg.225]

The molten carbonate fuel ceU uses eutectic blends of Hthium and potassium carbonates as the electrolyte. A special grade of Hthium carbonate is used in treatment of affective mental (mood) disorders, including clinical depression and bipolar disorders. Lithium has also been evaluated in treatment of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders, alcoholism, and periodic aggressive behavior (56). [Pg.225]

Not all of the gas is wasted. About 300 MW of electricity is generated from landfills. A variety of electric generation systems have been employed by a small number of developers. Most projects use simple technology and are small (2—10 MW). However, an EPRI study has estimated that landfill gas resources in the United States could support 6,000 MW of generation if utilized in 2-MW-sized carbonate fuel cells. Constmction on the world s first utihty-scale direct carbonate fuel cell demonstration was begun in California. If successful, EPRI estimates that precommercial 3-MW plants based on this design could become available by the end of this decade at an installed cost of 17,000/kW. [Pg.109]

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell The electrolyte in the MCFC is a... [Pg.2412]

Obviously the availability of a non-carbon fuel, usually hydrogen, would obviate the need for carbon dioxide extraction and disposal, and a plant with combustion of such a fuel becomes a simple solution (Cycle Cl, a hydrogen burning CBT plant, and Cycles C2 and C3, hydrogen burning CCGT plants). [Pg.133]

Cycle.s C with combustion using non-carbon fuel... [Pg.133]

Obviously, u.se of a non-carbon fuel—usually containing hydrogen—obviates the need for any carbon dioxide extraction and disposal. These cycles are listed in Table 8.1C, and the associated Figs. 8.15-8.17. [Pg.152]

Fig. B.4 (after Davidson and Keeley [5]) shows values of A plotted against thermal efficiency for a high carbon fuel (coal) and a lower carbon fuel (natural gas). It illustrates that one obvious route towards a desired low production of this greenhouse gas is to seek high thermal efficiency (another is to use lower carbon fuel). Fig. B.4 (after Davidson and Keeley [5]) shows values of A plotted against thermal efficiency for a high carbon fuel (coal) and a lower carbon fuel (natural gas). It illustrates that one obvious route towards a desired low production of this greenhouse gas is to seek high thermal efficiency (another is to use lower carbon fuel).
Fuel. Wood, paper, coal, and gas are just a few of tlie products commonly tliought of as fuels. However, from a chemical standpoint, tlie conunon fuel elements are carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). Carbon is found in coal, coke, lignite, and peat. Otlier carbon fuels include fat, petroleum, and natural gas. Hydrogen is conunonly found in conjunction witli tliese carbon compounds. [Pg.204]

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell developed by Baur (1921)... [Pg.522]

The PAFC is, however, suitable for stationary power generation, but faces several direct fuel cell competitors. One is the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), which operates at "650°C and uses an electrolyte made from molten potassium and lithium carbonate salts. Fligh-teinperature operation is ideal for stationary applications because the waste heat can enable co-generation it also allows fossil fuels to be reformed directly within the cells, and this reduces system size and complexity. Systems providing up to 2 MW have been demonstrated. [Pg.528]

The Surface Fractal Investigatioii of Anode Electrode of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell... [Pg.621]

In order to describe the geometrical and structural properties of several anode electrodes of the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), a fractal analysis has been applied. Four kinds of the anode electrodes, such as Ni, Ni-Cr (lOwt.%), Ni-NiaAl (7wt.%), Ni-Cr (5wt.%)-NijAl(5wt.%) were prepared [1,2] and their fractal dimensions were evaluated by nitrogen adsorption (fractal FHH equation) and mercury porosimetry. These methods of fractal analysis and the resulting values are discussed and compared with other characteristic methods and the performances as anode of MCFC. [Pg.621]

W. He and Kas Hemmes, Operating characteristics of a reformer for molten carbonate fuel-cell power-generation systems. Fuel Processing Technology, 67 (2000) 61. [Pg.632]

Figure 28. Isotherms of the shear viscosities of (Li, Na)2C03. (Reprinted from Y. Sato, T. Yamamura, H. Zhu, M. Endo, T. Yamazaki, H. Kato, and T. Ejima, Viscosities of Alkali Carbonate Melts for MCFC, in Carbonate Fuel Cell Technology, D. Shores, H. Mam, I. Uchida, and J. R. Selman, eds., p. 427, Fig. 9, 1993. Reproduced by permission of the Electrochemical Society, Inc.)... Figure 28. Isotherms of the shear viscosities of (Li, Na)2C03. (Reprinted from Y. Sato, T. Yamamura, H. Zhu, M. Endo, T. Yamazaki, H. Kato, and T. Ejima, Viscosities of Alkali Carbonate Melts for MCFC, in Carbonate Fuel Cell Technology, D. Shores, H. Mam, I. Uchida, and J. R. Selman, eds., p. 427, Fig. 9, 1993. Reproduced by permission of the Electrochemical Society, Inc.)...
Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Carbonate Fuel Cell Technology, Ed. by D. Shores, H. Mara, I. Uchida, and I R. Sehnan, The Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, 1993, p. 416. [Pg.201]

High-temperature molten-carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). The electrolyte is a molten mixture of carbonates of sodium, potassium, and lithium the working temperature is about 650°C. Experimental plants with a power of up to... [Pg.362]

Schmidt TJ, Gasteiger HA, Behm RJ. 1999b. Rotating disk electrode measurements on a high-surface area Pt/Vulcan carbon fuel cell catalyst. J Electrochem Soc 146 1296-1304. [Pg.462]


See other pages where Carbonization, fuel is mentioned: [Pg.577]    [Pg.583]    [Pg.89]    [Pg.227]    [Pg.2357]    [Pg.2411]    [Pg.321]    [Pg.474]    [Pg.133]    [Pg.443]    [Pg.182]    [Pg.601]    [Pg.621]    [Pg.629]    [Pg.59]    [Pg.742]   
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Alkaline fuel cells carbon dioxide, effect

Anodic Catalysts for Oxidation of Carbon-Containing Fuels

Carbon Materials in Low-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells

Carbon Sequestration for Fossil Fuel Utilization

Carbon as Structure-Forming Element in Porous Fuel Cell Electrodes

Carbon as Support Material in Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts

Carbon cycle decomposition, fossil fuel

Carbon dioxide fossil fuel

Carbon dioxide fossil fuel combustion

Carbon dioxide fossil fuel consumption

Carbon dioxide fossil fuel emissions

Carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels

Carbon dioxide from fossil fuel

Carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion

Carbon dioxide from hydrocarbon fuels

Carbon dioxide release by combustion of fuels

Carbon dioxide release from fossil fuel combustion

Carbon dioxide, from fuel refining

Carbon dioxide: atmospheric fossil fuel power plants

Carbon emissions coal-fueled power generation

Carbon fossil fuels

Carbon fuel cells

Carbon fuels

Carbon fuels

Carbon fuels INDEX

Carbon fuels acid cycle

Carbon fuels definition

Carbon fuels free energy

Carbon fuels oxidation

Carbon monoxide as fuel

Carbon monoxide fuel oxidation within SOFC

Carbon residue diesel fuel

Carbon transport, fossil-fuel-derived

Carbon-based fuels

Carbon-free fuel

Carbon-neutral fuel

Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)

Carbonate fuel cell Materials

Carbonate fuel cell Products

Carbonate fuel cell Stack performance

Carbonate fuel cell Technology

Carbonate systems fuel cells

Carbonate-fuel cell

Climate Change and Carbon-Free Fuel Chance

Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (DCFC)

Direct Carbon Fuel Cells (DCFCs)

Direct carbon fuel cell

Direct carbonate fuel cell

Extended molten carbonate fuel cell

Flames fuel rich, carbon formation

Fossil fuel combustion carbon dioxide emission

Fossil fuels atmospheric carbon dioxide from

Fossil fuels carbon costs

Fossil fuels carbon releases

Fossil-fuels carbon emissions from

Fuel carbon aerogel

Fuel carbon coefficients

Fuel carbon monoxide

Fuel cell carbon monoxide

Fuel cell performance Carbonate

Fuel cell power plant Carbonate

Fuel cell, high-temperature molten salt carbonate

Fuel cells molten carbonate

Fuel molten carbonate

Fuel oils carbon residues

Fuels carbon residue

Further Fuel Processing - Carbon Monoxide Removal

Greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, from fuel combustion

Hydrocarbon fuels carbon tolerance anodes

Hydrogen molten carbonate fuel cell

Hydrogen, energy conversion molten carbonate fuel cell

Low-carbon fuel standard

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell System Model

Molten carbonate fuel cell technology

Molten carbonate fuel cells MCFC)

Molten carbonate fuel cells MCFCs)

Molten carbonate fuel cells advantage

Molten carbonate fuel cells anodes

Molten carbonate fuel cells catalysts

Molten carbonate fuel cells cathodes

Molten carbonate fuel cells cell components

Molten carbonate fuel cells conductivity

Molten carbonate fuel cells development

Molten carbonate fuel cells disadvantages

Molten carbonate fuel cells durability

Molten carbonate fuel cells electrolyte

Molten carbonate fuel cells heat generation from

Molten carbonate fuel cells internal reforming

Molten carbonate fuel cells introduced

Molten carbonate fuel cells ionic conductivity

Molten carbonate fuel cells manufacture

Molten carbonate fuel cells materials

Molten carbonate fuel cells membrane

Molten carbonate fuel cells methods

Molten carbonate fuel cells modeling

Molten carbonate fuel cells operating principles

Molten carbonate fuel cells performance

Molten carbonate fuel cells practical systems

Molten carbonate fuel cells pressure

Molten carbonate fuel cells temperature

Molten carbonate fuel cells using carbon monoxide

Novel Carbon Materials as Electrocatalyst Support for Fuel Cells

Novel Carbon Materials as Supports for Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts

Ordered mesoporous carbon-supported nano-platinum catalysts application in direct methanol fuel cells

Other Carbon-Based Fuel Gases

Oxygen cathodic reduction, molten carbonate fuel

Phosphoric acid fuel cells carbon monoxide

Plants (C) using non-carbon fuel (hydrogen)

Processes in Fuel Cells with Molten Carbonate Electrolytes

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells carbon monoxide-tolerant

Reprocessing nuclear fuel supercritical carbon dioxide

Selective Synthesis of Carbon Nanofibers as Better Catalyst Supports for Low-temperature Fuel Cells

Solid oxide fuel cell Carbonate

Solid oxide fuel cell carbon

Stability of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanofibers-based Fuel Cell Electrodes

Technology and Applications of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells

The Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell

The Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)

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