Carbon dioxide fossil fuel consumption

The way people and social institutions will react to climate change will differ from region to region, country to country. Some countries will gain, some will lose. It is not too late for the African countries to involve in their future plans the alternatives to increased carbon dioxide, reduced fossil-fuel consumption, and a higher reafforestation rate. 

Andres R. J., Marland G., Boden T., and Bischof S. (2000) Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture, I75I-I99I, and an estimate of their isotopic composition and latitudinal distribution. In The Carbon Cycle (eds. T. M. E. Wigley and D. S. Schimel). Cambridge University Press, pp. 53-62. 

The factors for converting fossil fuel consumption to carbon dioxide emissions were derived from the emissions data in Table C.l. The energy consumption in energy units is multiplied by the factor to obtain the mass of carbon dioxide emitted. 

CDIAC. (1999). Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy. Marland, G., et al. Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Fossil Fuel Consumption. Available at htttp //cdiac.esd.ornl.gov. 

Natural gas consists usually of a mixture of 80-95 % (by volume) methane (CH4) and the remaining 5-20 % heavier hydrocarbons, mainly ethane (C2H6) and propane (C3H6), and varying amounts of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Current global consumption of natural gas amounts to about 10 g of carbon per year, which is 20 % of the total fossil fuel consumption rate [29]. The current atmospheric content of ethane is equal to about 6 x 10 g of carbon, based on observations indicating amounts of 1 ppbv (1 ppbv = 10 by volume) in the Southern... 

Energy production and consumption pose nature into pressure and make the energy sector becomes the largest contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in Vietnam since 2010, accounting for 67%. Several emission sources of GHG could be found in a waste treatment facilities it came from (1) emission of methane (CH4, GWP 25) at landfill of mixed waste, (2) from emission of fossil carbon dioxide through the combustion of plastics and composites or supported fuels (auxiliary), and (3) from emission of nitrous oxide (NOx) during incineration/ pretreatment process, etc. 

Fig. 2. World per capita carbon dioxide emissions (expressed as carbon equivalent) from the consumption and flaring of fossil fuels for the year 2001. Thick vertical line represents global average FSU = Former Soviet Union. Data from EIA (2003).

Current US primary energy consumption is about 102 exajoules (EJ) (97 Quads) and is expected to increase to >137 EJ (130 Quads) by 2020. Transportation fuels produced from oil are projected to account for nearly one-third of the projected energy use by 2020, with nearly 68% of the oil imported from unstable and/or unfriendly countries, resulting in a trade imbalance of more than 206 billion (US in 2001). Additionally, the use of fossil fuels for transportation and electricity is a significant contributor of greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide (1-4). 

Water and carbon dioxide provide the most attractive and abundant source materials for the fuel products of an artificial photosynthetic device, as seen in Fig. 11. These two compounds are the outcome of the heterotrophic cycle providing the energy sources of the living organism, and the result of consumption of fossil fuels by mankind. Not surprisingly, both of the materials exhibit high chemical... 

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