Carbon fibers, fiber Reinforcement

Natural fibers compete with technical fibers, such as glass fibers or carbon fibers, as reinforcements for plastics. The advantages of technical fibers are their good mechanical properties, which vary only a little, but their recycling is difficult. 

Fig. 4-9 Over 26% of this McDonald-Douglas AV-8B Harrier aircraft s weight uses carbon fiber-epoxy reinforced plastic other plastics also used extensively.

Munro M. and Lai C.P.Z. (1988). The elevated-temperature dependence of fracture energy mechanisms by hybrid carbon-glass fiber reinforced composites. J. Mater. Sci. 23, 3129-3136. 

An unusual application involves the use of carbon fiber to reinforce cement. This results in improved tensile and flexural strength, high impact strength, improved dimensional stability, etc. 

Keywords pitch-based high performance-type carbon continuous fiber reinforced plasUc, chemically resolvable resin, environment-conscious materials (ecomaterials) design, deformed rebar, hybrid structure, lighweight precast concrete, recycle, service life,... 

The major use for graphite nowadays is for carbon fibers (to reinforce composites) produced either from pitch or from polymers such as polyacrylonitrile. Graphitization of these materials is performed stepwise by oxidation at 250° for losing much of the hydrogen, followed by carbonization in the absence of oxygen at 800°, and then by graphitization at 1400°-2500°. 

In this paper, carbon fiber cloth reinforced SiC-ZrB2 composites (2D C/SiC-ZrBa) were prepared by slutiy infiltration of ZrB2 powders and precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process to infiltrate SiC matrix, and accordingly mechanical property, anti-oxidation property, and torch ablation property were investigated. 

Delphi Automotive Sj ems, Woodridge, IL and Hendrickson Innovations International developed and manufactured a plastic composite (glass/ carbon fiber hybrid reinforcement) for use in the medium and heavy duty truck and bus markets. When compared to metals they are lighter and more impact resistant, require less mounting hardware, and designed to conduct 50% less vibration. 

Y Kabatake, K Kimura and H Katsumata A retrofitting method for reinforced concrete structures using carbon fibre . Fiber-reinforced Plastics Reinforcement for Concrete Structures Properties and Applications, Amsterdam, Elsevier Science, 1993. 

Chou, S., Chen, H.C., and Chen, H.E. (1992) Effect of weave structure on mechanical fracture behavior of three-dimensional carbon fiber fabric reinforced epoxy resin composites. Composites Science and Technology, 45, 23-35. 

Tawari US, Bijwe J, Mathur JN, Sharma I, Studies on abrasive wear of carbon- fiber (short) reinforced polyamide composites, Tribology Int, 25(1), 53-60, 1992. 

Other work has been undertaken employing the deposition of Ni on carbon fiber for reinforcing glass matrices [131-135]. 

Gumprasad and workers [182] have described the production and properties of carbon fiber particle reinforced cast metal matrix composites. 

Balaba WM, Weirauch DA, Perrotta AJ, Armstrong GH, Anyalebechi PN, Kauffman S, MacInnes AN, Winner AM, Barron AR, Effect of sUoxane spin-on-glass and reaction bonded silicon oxycarbide coatings with a self-propagating interfacial reaction treatment (aspire) in the synthesis of carbon/graphite fiber-reinforced A1 metal matrix composites, J Mater Res, 8(12), 3192-3201, 1993. 

Tzeng SS, Lin WC, Mechanical behavior of two-dimensional carbon fiber fabrics reinforced carbon matrix composites. Key Eng Mater, 145(1,2), 877-882, 1998. 

North American Bus Industries are using composite bus structures fabricated in Hungary and assembled in the US, made from multiaxial knitted E-glass, but employing some triaxial woven carbon fiber to reinforce areas around windows and roof, permitting standard bus windows to be used. 

Pervin, F., Zhou, Y., Rangari, V.K., Jeelani, S. Testing and evaluation on the thamal and mechanical properties of carbon nano fiber reinforced SC-15 epoxy. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 405, 246-253 (2005)... 

Table 8.2 lists many of the principle properties and some of the polymers which are noted for those properties. While incomplete, this table should at least provide a beginning. They are primarily listed in their natural state without reinforcements, such as glass or carbon fibers. These reinforcements can be used to increase mechanical strength,... 

Ablative A material which absorbs heat, while part of it is being consumed by heat, through a decomposition process which takes place near the surface exposed to the heat. An example is a carbon fiber-phenolic reinforced plastic that is exposed to a temperature of 1650C (3000F) it is the surface material on a reentry into the earth s atmosphere from outer space of a rocket, space vehicle, etc. 

Ignoring counterface wear is another of the fundimental weaknesses of both PV and wear factor. Nobody will argue that a wear system contains two or more members, yet only the wear of the plastic members is presented in manufacture s literature. A cemented carbide counterface could be used for all tests and it may not wear, but this would not simulate most real-life tribosytems. Counterface wear is particularly important with glass and carbon fiber (CF) reinforced plastics. Counterface wear is often the cause of plastic bearing failure in reinforced and unreinforced bearings. 

Wallmersperger T, Akle BJ, Leo DJ et al (2008) Electrochemical response in ionic pol5nner transducers an experimental and theoretical study. Compos Sci Technol 68 1173—1180 Wang XL, Oh IK, Lu J et al (2007) Biomimetic electro-active polymer based on sulfonated poly (styrene-b-ethylene-co-butylene-b-styrene). Mater Lett 61(29) 5117-5120 Wang XL, Oh IK, BCim JB (2009) Enhanced electromechanical performance of carbon nano-fiber reinforced sulfonated poly(styrene-b-[ethylene utylene]-b-styrene) actuator. Compos Sci Technol 69(13) 2098-2101... 

This should lead to a reduced sensitivity to delaminations, as the CNTs, having a diameter which is a couple of hundred times smaller than that of carbon fibers, can reinforce the tiny area in between the fibers of a laminated composite. They should also improve the elastic modulus of the matrix material Itself. This last statement is mainly based on theoretical calculations and simulations, which predict a high fracture strength and elastic modulus for carbon nanotubes. ... 

Most of the reported data in the field were focused on epoxy resins based composites, either filled with microparticles, such as Ti02 containing pigments [213] and glass microspheres [214], or glass or carbon/graphite fiber reinforced [215-221]. 

To improve the interfacial properties of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced composites, an innovative and simple functionalized strategy has been proposed by grafting 4,4 -oxydianiline on to the carbon fiber surface using N3P3CI6 as novel coupling agent (Scheme 24). ... 

In an aligned and continuous carbon fiber-O reinforced nylon 6,6 composite, the fibers are to... 

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