Resin-based composites

Thermoplastic matrix composites are generally employed where high-volume and economic considerations exist such as in the automotive and decorative paneling industries. Thermoplastic resin-based composites range from high-priced polyimide, polyethersul-fone, and polyetheretherketone to the more affordable nylon, acetal, and polycarbonate resins. Practically all thermoplastics are available in glass-reinforced grades. 

Resin-based composites are usually defined as either conventional or advanced. Conventional composites usually contain glass or mineral fiber reinforcement, and sometimes carbon fiber, either alone or in combination with others. Conventional composites are usually produced in stock shapes such as sheet, rod, and tube. There are many methods of processing composite materials. These include filament winding, layup, cut fiber spraying, resin transfer molding, and pultrusion. 

In another paper [ the results of specific heat measurements on 10 metallic alloy samples were considered. This paper discusses specific heat measurements on four composite (i.e., fiber-reinforced) materials, one of which (boron/aluminum) is essentially metallic, and the other three are resin-based. The resin-based composites are more difficult to measure than metallic samples, and in analyzing the resulting data, the assembling of an appropriate fitting function is more complicated. As with the Fe-Ni base alloys [ ], specific heats were measured in the low-temperature range (3 to 20 K) and at the intermediate temperatures 80 K and 300 K. Because of difficulties associated with long thermal-relaxation times at these temperatures, considerable experimental scatter is associated with the results for the resin-based specimens. 

The specific heats of resin-based composites reinforced with glass, graphite, and boron are considered together. Curve-fitting trials were performed on the low-temperature data for S-glass/resin, and the results were applied to the analysis of the data for the other two composites. The intermediate-temperature results are presented as-measured. In the absence of any guidelines on the temperature dependence of the specific heat from 80 to 300 K, no attempt was made to adjust the data to the standard temperatures of 80.0 and 300.0 K. 

G. Schmalz, Resin-based composites, in G. Schmalz, D. Arenholt-Bindslev (Eds.), Biocompatibility of Dental Materials, Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2009, pp. 99-137. 

R.H. Halvorson, R.L. Eriekson, C.L. Davidson, Tbe effect of filler and silane content on conversion of resin-based composite. Dent. Mater. 19 (2003) 327-333. 

A.R. Curtis, W.M. Palin, G.J.P. Fleming, A.C.C. Shorthall, P.M. Marquis, The mechanical properties of nanofdled resin-based composites the impact of dry and wet cyclic pre-loading on bi-axial flexure strength. Dent. Mater. 25 (2009) 188-197. 

K.J. Donly, F. Garcia-Godoy, The use of resin-based composite in children, Pediatr. Dent. 24 (2002) 480-488. 

F. Garcia-Gody, Resin-based composites and compomers in primary molars. Dent. Clin. North Am. 44 (2000) 541-570. 

Another recently launched material of the glass-ionomer type also contains novel components, in particular a patented diurethane monomer capable of polymerizing to give a set material of superior flexural strength and reduced brittleness. It is described as resin-modified glass-ionomer with the added description of bioactive ionic resin-based composite . 

T.P Croll, J.H. Berg, K.J. Donly, Dental repair material a resin-modified glass-ionomer bioactive ionic resin-based composite. Compendium 36 (2015) 60-65. 

A.H. Schuurs, R.J. Gruythuysen, P.R. Wesselink, Pulp capping with adhesive resin-based composite vs calcium hydroxide a review. Ended. Dent. Traumatol. 16 (2000) 240-250. J. Ward, Vital pulp therapy in cariously exposed permanent teeth and its limitations, Aust. Endod. J. 28 (2002) 29-37. 

BPA fumarate resins are prepared by the reaction of propoxylated BPA with fumeric acid. The use of BPA results in a significant reduction in the number of ester linkages and makes the resin comparatively non-polar. This resin therefore shows very good corrosion resistance and chemical resistance. BPA fumerate resin-based composites... 

The wood fibres used in plastics are not often post-consumer material but they may be waste from sawmills. Over 330,000 tonnes of wood flour was used in resin-based composites in North America in 2003. The Emopean figure is only about 10% of the North American one but consumption can be expected to increase, with new applications in outdoor and indoor furniture, vehicles, decking, construction and infrastructure. European manufacturers of wood filled plastics include Fasalex, Tech-Wood, Haller Formholz, Knotwood, Timbaplus and Ecodek. 

Kumar N M, Reddy G V, Naidu S V, Rani T S and Subha M C S (2009), Mechanical properties of coir/glass fiber phenolic resin based composites , J Reinf Plast Compos, 28, 2605-2613. 

W.D. Browning, WW Brackett, R.O. Gilpatrick, Two-year clinical comparison of a micro-fiUed and a hybrid resin-based composite in noncarious Class V lesions, Oper Dent, 25, 46-50, 2000. 

The presence of the C=C in unsaturated fatty acids is employed as the reaction sites in the formation of cross-linking. The networked structure can be achieved by a functional reaction of the C=C to enable use in high-molecular-weight products. The properties of the epoxidized resin-based composites are reliant on the extent of cross-linking reaction with the materials. The higher the cross-link density, the better is the mechanical and thermal properties. 

Numerous research has been conducted which reveal the application of this fiber source as reinforcing material in polymer composites. For instance, it has been used for reinforcement in urea formaldehyde resin-based composite which also suggested that Hibiscus sabdariffa fibre has immense scope in the fabrication of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites for vast number of industrial applications (Singha and Thakur 2008a). The graft copolymeiization of Hibiscus sabdariffa also have been found to be more moisture resistant and also showed better chemical and thermal resistance (Thakur et al. 2011a). 

Curable Fluorocarbon Resin-Based Compositions 217 Table 13.1 Ignition temperatures for common materials. 

This plays an important role in epoxy resin-based composite materials that are used for insulating indoor applications as well as for underground 6.6 kV distributors used in mines. Here, insulators are exposed to high humidity and high temperatures [881]. 

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