Carbon fibers reinforced epoxy resins

Eig. 10. The variation of the density of carbon-fiber reinforced epoxy resin with the fiber volume fraction, based on the rule of mixtures. 

Fig. 12. (a) The variation of the tensile strength of unidirectional carbon-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin as a function of the fiber volume fraction, (b) The variation of the tensile strength of unidirectional carbon-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin as a function of the fiber volume fraction for low fiber volume... 

Bader M.G., Bailey J.E. and Bell 1. (1973). The effect of fiber-matrix interface strength on the impact and fracture properties of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy resin composites. J. Phys. D Appi. Phvs. 6, 572-586. 

The fabrication of components from advanced composite materials also requires suitable tooling to shape and conform the prepreg during lay-up and epoxy have a role to play in this operation as well. Whilst less durable than conventional tooling constructed from steel or aluminum, tooling prepared from carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resins offers lightweight and, most importantly, a good match with the... 

Malquarti G, Berruet RG, Bois D, Prosthetic use of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy-resin for aesthetic crowns and fixed partial dentures, Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 63(3), 251-257, 1990. 

Fredriksson M, Astback J, Pamenius M, Arvidson K, A retrospective study of 236 patients with teeth restored by carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin posts. Journal Of Prosthetic Dentistry, 80(2), 151-157, 1998. 

Tsotra, P. and Friedrich, K. 2004. Short carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin/polyaniline blends Their electrical and mechanical properties. Composite Science and Technology 64 2385-2391. 

Shear-stress-shear-strain curves typical of fiber-reinforced epoxy resins are quite nonlinear, but all other stress-strain curves are essentially linear. Hahn and Tsai [6-48] analyzed lamina behavior with this nonlinear deformation behavior. Hahn [6-49] extended the analysis to laminate behavior. Inelastic effects in micromechanics analyses were examined by Adams [6-50]. Jones and Morgan [6-51] developed an approach to treat nonlinearities in all stress-strain curves for a lamina of a metal-matrix or carbon-carbon composite material. Morgan and Jones extended the lamina analysis to laminate deformation analysis [6-52] and then to buckling of laminated plates [6-53]. 

The use of epoxidized hyperbranched polyesters as toughening additives in carbon-fiber reinforced epoxy composites has been demonstrated (Boogh et al., 1995). Since a hyperbranched resin has a substantially lower viscosity and much shorter drying time than a conventional (less branched) resin of comparable molecular weight, hyperbranched polymers have been used as the base for various coating resins (Pettersen and Sorensen, 1994). 

The representative elastic properties of carbon fiber. E-glass and aramid fibers in unidirectional fiber reinforced epoxy resins are given in Table 20.13. 

Adherent Technologies Inc. [8] has developed a process for the reclamation of carbon fibers from carbon/epoxy composites. It has studied the depolymerization of thermoset carbon fiber reinforced epoxy matrix composites using a low temperature (20 min at 325°Q catalytic tertiary recycling reclamation process and has been able to obtain a product with 99.8% carbon and 0.2% residual resin, with only a loss of about 8.6% in fiber tensile strength. The process can be economically viable, provided sufficient scrap feedstock is available. Possible applications for the recovered fiber include thermoplastic and thermoset molding compounds. 

Sudbury [32] carried out a detailed study of the dynamic stability of jetliner structures constructed in carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composite. The jetliner in question, the Airbus A300, had run into heavy turbulence, which weakened the structure with consequent buckling. This was due, at least in part, to a weak matrix caused by incomplete curing of the epoxy resin or a deficiency of the curing agent during the manufacturing process. 

Carbon-Fiber Composites. Cured laminates of phenoHc resins and carbon-fiber reinforcement provide superior flammabiHty resistance and thermal resistance compared to unsaturated polyester and epoxy. Table 15 shows the dependence of flexural strength and modulus on phenoHc—carbon-fiber composites at 30—40% phenoHc resin (91). These composites also exhibit long-term elevated temperature stabiHty up to 230°C. 

Thornel 300 carbon-fiber-reinforced Fiberite 934 epoxy laminates (ca. 60% fiber and 40% resin by volume) were fabricated from prepreg tapes manufactured by Fiberite Corporation. The details of this fabrication process have been disclosed elsewhere ni). Panels of suitable lamination sequence were prepared from prepreg types. These panels were cured in an autoclave held for 0.5 hour at 135 °C and 2.0 hour at 180 °C, under 6.8 atm of pressure. 

Epoxy resins have found application in carbon fiber reinforced composites for some 30 years or more and the benefits are well documented (Table 5). The traditional limitations are also summarized simply in the same table. 

Epoxy resins are by far the most widely used polymer matrices for advanced structural composites and, if carbon, glass, and aramid fiber reinforced epoxies... 

Besides graphite, carbon and glass fibers, organic fibers, e.g., Kevlar, have also been used to reinforce thermosetting resins, e.g., epoxy resin (38). One of the newest developments is fiber-reinforced thermoplastics, e.g., carbon fiber-reinforced polyether ether ketone (PEEK) ( ). These materials are rather tough as demonstrated in the interlaminar toughness values (Table... 

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