Cancer cadherin

Carter, O., Bailey, G.S., and Dashwood, R.H., The dietary phytochemical chlorophyllin alters E-cadherin and P-catenin expression in human colon cancer cells International Research Conference on Food, Nutrition and Cancer, J. Nutr., 134,3441S, 2004. 

Figure 8.2 Design of protein-embedding barcode is depicted in (a) five thin layers of matrix (the thicker lines) coated with variable concentration of tested protein (thinner lines located above the matrix), (b) A FFPE tissue section of bladder cancer IHC-stained by monoclonal antibody to E-cadherine showing variable intensity of positive staining results which is compared with a protein-embedding bar code as designed in this chapter. Using computer-assisted image analysis with a special software, an automatic quantitative measurement of protein is performed. See color insert.

Takeichi, M. Cadherins in cancer implications for invasion and metastasis. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 5 806-811,1993. 

Unlike the situation with the integrins discussed earlier, it is loss of cadherin E that promotes metastasis. The evidence linking loss or decreased expression of cadherin E with cancer spread is as follows (M2). Firstly, a negative correlation exists between the expression of cadherin E and invasion for many different cancer cell lines. Secondly, in cell lines lacking cadherin E, invasion could be prevented by transfection with cDNA for this cadherin. Thirdly, reduction in cadherin E mRNA levels by antisense sequences induced the invasive phenotype in E-cadherin positive cells. Fourthly, antibodies inactivating cadherin E induced the invasive phenotype. These combined experiments are strong evidence that loss of cadherin E is associated with development of invasive phenotype and furthermore suggests that this adhesion molecule may be a suppressor of metastasis. 

Initially characterized as an autoantigen in a human connective tissue disease [62]. May be associated with methylation induced gene silencing and heterochromatin [64,65,103]. Interacts with a component of DNA repair machinery [308]. Functions in estrogen dependent repression of Snail. Aberrant Snail expression results in loss of expression of the cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin, an event associated with invasive growth of breast cancers [309]. 

Armicotte, J.S., lankova, 1., Miard, S., Fritz, V., Sarruf, D., Abella, A., Berthe, M.L., Noel, D., Pillon, A., Iborra, F., Dubus, P., Maudelonde, T., Culine, S. and Fajas, L. (2006) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma regulates E-cadherin expression and inhibits growth and invasion of prostate cancer. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 26, 7561-7574. 

Green SK, Francia G, Isidore C et al (2004) Antiadhesive antibodies targeting E-cadherin sensitize multicellular tumor spheroids to chemotherapy in vitro. Mol Cancer Ther 3 149-159... 

Witta SE, Gemmill RM, Hirsch FR et al. Restoring E-cadherin expression increases sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors in lung cancer cell lines. Cancer Res 2006 66 944-950. Walker F, Kato A, Gonez LJ et al. Activation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by kinase-defective epidermal growth factor receptors results in cell survival but not proliferation. Mol Cell Biol 1998 18 7192-7204. 

The cadherins are calcium-dependent adhesion proteins that mediate direct cell-cell interactions.295 296 The external parts of the cadherins also have repeated structural domains with the Ig fold.297 298b They have high affinity for each other, allowing cadherins from two different cells to interact and tie the cells together with a zipper-like interaction that is stabilized by the bound Ca2+ ions,297 300 and may be relatively long-lived. The gene for cadherin E is often mutated in breast cancers and may be an important tumor suppressor gene (Box 11-D).301... 

Cadherins. Cadherins are a group of glycoproteins that facilitate Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesive interactions.20 When cadherin function is disrupted, the release of a tumor cell can result. It was shown that the aggressive metastasis of undifferentiated epithelial carcinoma cells that had lost cell-cell adhesion could be stopped by transfection with E-cad-herin cDNA.21 Therefore, it was suggested that E-cadherin suppresses metastasis,22 which was further supported by more recent studies that showed the loss of adhesion of human gastric, prostatic, and lung cancer cells was due to the gene mutation of a protein associated with the proper function of cadherin.23... 

Shimoyama, Y., and Hirohashi, S. Cadherin intercellular adhesion molecule in hepatocellular carcinoma Loss of E-cadherin expression in an undifferentiated carcinoma. Cancer Lett. 57 131—135, 1991. 

Shimoyama, Y., Nagafuchi, A., Fujita, S., et al. Cadherin dysfunction in a human cancer cell line Possible involvement of loss of alpha-catenin expression in reduced cell-cell adhesiveness. Cancer Res. 52 5770—5774, 1992. 

Nakayama S, Sasaki A, Mese H, Alcalde RE, Tsuji T, Matsumura T. The E-cadherin gene is silenced by CpG methylation in human oral squamous cell carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2001 93 667-673. 

The n-3 PUFAs are reported to reduce expression of endothelial adhesion molecules VCAM-1, E-selectin, and ICAM-1, therefore influencing leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and leukocyte migration across the endothelium. 105,106 Oxidized EPA has been shown to be a more potent inhibitor of leukocyte-endothelial interaction, in vitro and in vivo, than EPA.107 Since EFAs regulate intercellular adhesion, it has been speculated that the skin changes that are observed in EFA deficiency, may be due, at least in part, to damaged cell adhesion.108 n-3 PUFAs and GLA supplementation enhance E-cadherin expression in cancer cells and this possibly reduces the invasiveness of these cells.109... 

C2. Campbell, M. J., Elstner, E., Holden, S., Uskokovic, M., and Koeffler, H. P., Inhibition of proliferation of prostate cancer cells by a 19-nor-hexafloride vitamin D3 analogue involves the induction of p21 wafl, p27kip and E-cadherin. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 19, 15-27 (1997). 

AN Bokhoven, A., Debryune, F. M., ScHALKEN, J. A. (1998). Expression of cadherin-6 as a novel diagnostic tool to predict prognosis of patients with E-cadherin-absent renal cell carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 4, 2419-2424. 

Ronzitti, G., Callegari, E, Malaguti, C., and Rossini, G. P. 2004. Selective disruption of the E-cadherin-catenin system by an algal toxin. BrJ Cancer 90, 1100-1107. 

E-Cadherin Early embryonic development Cancer metastasis... 

Becker, K. R, Atkinson, M. J., Reich, U., Becker, I., Nekarda, H., Siewert, J. R. and Hoefler, H. (1995). E-cadherin gene mutations provide clues to diffuse type gastric carcinoma. Cancer Res. 54, 3845-3852. 

Birchmeier, W. and Behrens, J. (1994). Cadherin expression in carcinomas role in the formation of cell junctions and the prevention of invasiveness. Biochem. Biophys. Acta Reviews on Cancer 1198, 11-26. 

Moreno-Bueno G, Cubillo E, Sarrio D et al. Genetic profiling of epithelial cells expressing e-cadherin repressors reveals a distinct role for snail, slug and e47 factors in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Res 2006 66(19) 9543-9556. 

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