Result expression

DNA damage observed via the Comet test is expressed as follows  

Collins, A.R. (2004). The comet assay for DNA damage and repair. Principles, applications and limitations. Molecular Biotechnology, 26,249-261. 

Inagaki, S. and Goto, M. (2003). Separation procedures capable of revealing DNA adducts. 

Journal of Chromatography B - Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences, 797, 321-329. 

Lemiere, S. (2004). Interest of the Comet Assay for the study of environmental genotoxicity. Thesis, University of Metz. 

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With the frequency removed from the sum, (B1.1.9) has just a sum over vibrational integrals. Because all the vibrational wavefiinctions for a given potential surface will fomi a complete set, it is possible to apply a sum rule to simplify the resulting expression ... 

To this pom t, th e basic approxmi alien is th at th e total wave I lnic-tion IS a single Slater determinant and the resultant expression of the molecular orbitals is a linear combination of atomic orbital basis functions (MO-LCAO). In other words, an ah miiio calculation can be initiated once a basis for the LCAO is chosen. Mathematically, any set of functions can be a basis for an ah mitio calculation. However, there are two main things to be considered m the choice of the basis. First one desires to use the most efficient and accurate functions possible, so that the expansion (equation (49) on page 222). will require the few esl possible term s for an accurate representation of a molecular orbital. The second one is the speed of tW O-electron integral calculation. 

The absorption and emission eases ean be eombined into a single net expression for the rate of photon absorption by reeognizing that the latter proeess leads to photon produetion, and thus must be entered with a negative sign. The resultant expression for the net rate of decrease of photons is ... 

The first set of equations govern the Cj amplitudes and are ealled the Cl- seeular equations. The seeond set determine the LCAQ-MQ eoeffieients of the spin-orbitals ([ij and are ealled the Foek equations. The Foek operator F is given in terms of the one- and two-eleetron operators in H itself as well as the so-ealled one- and two-eleetron density matriees Yij and Fi j i whieh are defined below. These density matriees refleet the averaged oeeupaneies of the various spin orbitals in the CSFs of P. The resultant expression for F is ... 

To illustrate how the above developments are earried out and to demonstrate how the results express the desired quantities in terms of the original wavefunetion, let us eonsider, for an MCSCF wavefunetion, the response to an external eleetrie field. In this ease, the Hamiltonian is given as the eonventional one- and two-eleetron operators to whieh the above one-eleetron eleetrie dipole perturbation V is added. The MCSCF wavefunetion P and energy E are assumed to have been obtained via the MCSCF proeedure with H=H0+ iV, where X ean be thought of as a measure of the strength of the applied eleetrie field. 

This result expresses the produet funetions in terms of the eoupled angular momentum funetions. 

For the straight line in Fig. 2.5 where m = 1.0, this equation expresses direct proportionality between and y, the condition of Newtonian behavior. In the non-Newtonian region where m < 1, Eq. (2.11) may describe the data over an order of magnitude or so. Next we consider the relationship between the constant K and viscosity. If Eq. (2.11) is solved for K and the resulting expression multiplied and divided by 7 ", we obtain... 

The degree of polymerization in Eq. (6.41) can be replaced with the kinetic chain length, and the resulting expression simplified. To proceed, however, we must choose between the possibilities described by Eqs. (6.34) and (6.35). Assuming termination by disproportionation, we replace n, by v, using Eq. (6.37) ... 

We might be tempted to equate the forces given by Eqs. (9.61) and (3.38) and solve for a from the resulting expression. However, Eq. (3.38) is not suitable for the present problem, since it was derived for a cross-linked polymer stretched in one direction with no volume change. We are concerned with a single, un-cross-linked molecule whose volume changes in a spherically symmetrical way. The precursor to Eq. (3.36) in a more general derivation than that presented in Chap. 3 is... 

When equations 195 and 155 are combined with equation 190, E (T) is eliminated, and the resulting expression reduces to equation 196 ... 

As can be seen for infinite recycle ratio where C = Cl, all reactions will occur at a constant C. The resulting expression is simply the basic material balance statement for a CSTR, divided here by the catalyst quantity of W. On the other side, for no recycle at all, the integrated expression reverts to the usual and well known expression of tubular reactors. The two small graphs at the bottom show that the results should be illustrated for the CSTR case differently than for tubular reactor results. In CSTRs, rates are measured directly and this must be plotted against the driving force of... 

For the interaction of the main stream with N directing nozzles, the resulting expression for Ar,. can be presented as ... 

When the linear variation of strain through the thickness, Equation (4.13), is substituted in Equation (4.103) and the resulting expressions for the layer stresses are integrated through the thickness, the force resultants are... 

If the rate of sweep through the resonance frequeney is small (so-called slow passage), a steady-state solution, in which the derivatives are set to zero, is ob-tained. The result expresses M,., and as funetions of cu. These magnetization components are not actually observed, however, and it is more useful to express the solutions in terms of the susceptibility, a complex quantity related to the magnetization. The solutions for the real (x ) and imaginary (x") components then are... 

In the same way as we found the pLorder equations, we obtain the 2" -order LST equations by first substituting equation 5.85 into the general form for the temporal evolution of block probabilities given by equation 5.76, and then simplifying the resulting expression by summing over sets of blocks of the same 2" -order type. 

The methods described make possible the objective measurement of color of foods and a designation in standardized psychophysical terms. However, the psychological significance of food colors is not directly apparent from results expressed... 

The partition function 3 (Eq. 4) and the resulting expressions for the properties of the clathrate contain the cell partition functions hjt as the only unknowns. If it were possible to construct these parti-... 

After separating the variables, (3.14.3.1) was solved by integration and the initial conditions were implemented (/0 = 0, S = S0). The resulting expression is... 

The desired additive result expressed by Eq. (9-206) will follow if... 

The first term on the right-hand side of this equation is zero, since it is simply the sum of the electrical charge in solution, which must be zero for a neutral electrolyte solution. The third term is also zero for electrolytes with equal numbers of positive and negative ions, such as NaCl and MgSC>4. It would not be zero for asymmetric electrolytes such as CaCE. However, in the Debye-Huckel approach, all terms except the second are ignored for all ionic solutions. Substitution of the resulting expression into equation (7.20) gives the linear second-order differential equation... 

B = Basic salt M = melting. Results expressed as (order) activation energy/kJ mole-1 (temperature range/K)... 

Because atoms are neither created nor destroyed, chemists regard each elemental symbol as representing one atom of the element (with the subscripts giving the number of each type of atom in a formula) and then multiply formulas by factors to show the same numbers of atoms of each element on both sides of the arrow. The resulting expression is said to be balanced and is called a chemical equation. For example, there are two H atoms on the left of the preceding skeletal equation but three H atoms on the right. So, we rewrite the expression as... 

We can now do something remarkable we can use the ideal gas law to calculate the root mean square speed of the molecules of a gas. We know that PV = nRT for an ideal gas therefore, we can set the right-hand side of Eq. 19 equal to nRT and rearrange the resulting expression ( nMv2ms = nRT) into... 

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