Interaction, adhesive

Cross G, Schirmeisen A, Stalder A, Grutter P, Tschudy M and Durig U 1998 Adhesion interaction between atomically defined tip and sample Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 4685... 

From the standpoint of thermodynamics, the dissolving process is the estabHsh-ment of an equilibrium between the phase of the solute and its saturated aqueous solution. Aqueous solubility is almost exclusively dependent on the intermolecular forces that exist between the solute molecules and the water molecules. The solute-solute, solute-water, and water-water adhesive interactions determine the amount of compound dissolving in water. Additional solute-solute interactions are associated with the lattice energy in the crystalline state. 

Contact mechanics, in the classical sense, describes the behavior of solids in contact under the action of an external load. The first studies in the area of contact mechanics date back to the seminal publication "On the contact of elastic solids of Heinrich Hertz in 1882 [ 1 ]. The original Hertz theory was applied to frictionless non-adhering surfaces of perfectly elastic solids. Lee and Radok [2], Graham [3], and Yang [4] developed the theories of contact mechanics of viscoelastic solids. None of these treatments, however, accounted for the role of interfacial adhesive interactions. 

An example of interaction stiffness and force curves for a Si surface with a native oxide at 60% relative humidity (RH) is shown in Fig. 12 [104]. The stiffness and force data show an adhesive interaction between the tip and substrate. The hysteresis on retraction is due to a real change in contact area from surface oxide deformation and is not an experimental artifact. The adhesive force observed during retraction was consistent with capillary condensation and the surface energy measured from the adhesive force was close to that of water. 

Human bodies are constantly exposed to a plethora of bacteria, viruses, and other inflammatory substances. To combat these infections and toxic agents, the body has developed a carefully regulated inflammatory response system. Part of that response is the orderly migration of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. Leukocytes literally roll along the vascular wall and into the tissue site of inflammation. This rolling movement is mediated by reversible adhesive interactions between the leukocytes and the vascular surface. 

The classical cadherins are translated as precursor because they are N-terminally cleaved to reveal the mature proteins. This processing is required to activate the cell adhesion function of cadherins. Cadherins interact in trans (i.e., from opposite cells) via the most N-terminal cadherin rqDeats. A short amino acid sequence within this repeat, histidine-alanine-valine (HAV), has been implicated in mediating cell-cell contacts as HAV peptides can disrupt cadherin-dependent cell adhesion. Besides the trans-interactions of cadherins, the extracellular domains are also capable of forming cis-dimers through lateral amino acid contacts between cadherin molecules on one cell. This dimerization again mainly involves the first cadherin repeat. A zipper model based on the pattern of alternating cis- and trans-dimers [1] for the adhesive interactions has been proposed. 

At the end of last century, a near frictionless carbon (NFC) coating was reported, which is practically hydrogen contained DLC film grown on steel and sapphire substrates using a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system [50]. By using a ball on a disk tribo-meter, a super low friction coefficient of 0.001-0.003 between the films coated on both the ball and the disk was achieved [50]. A mechanistic model was proposed that carbon atoms on the surface are partially di-hydrogenated, resulting in the chemical inertness of the surface. Consequently, adhesive interaction becomes weak and super low friction is achieved [22],... 

Because modes of operation are different, obtained topographic images may not resemble each other if the sample deformation caused by frictional or adhesive interaction become dominant. 

Hebbel R. Adhesive interactions of sickle erythrocytes with endothelium. J Clin Invest 1997 100 S83-86. 

The exponential tail in the conductance histograms in regions reported under UHV conditions [195] and in air [216]. 

Another, but less well defined, class of molecules, some of whose members mediate adhesion interaction, is the four-transmembrane domain family, which shares similar hydropathy plots and may have similar dispositions with respect to the phospholipid bilayer, for example the myelin proteolipid proteins, the connexins of gap junctions, the ryanodine receptor and others. 

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules signal to the cytoplasm. In some instances, adhesion may act primarily to bind membranes to surfaces but it now seems clear that some IgCAMs act via the cytoplasmic domain after engaging with a cognate partner molecule to initiate a signal-transduction cascade as a direct consequence of an adhesive interaction. A good example of this is the Trk receptors, which have two Ig domains in their... 

R. Bos, H. Van. Der. Mei, H. Busscher (1999) J. Physico-chemistry of initial microbial adhesive interactions-its mechanisms and methods for study. FEMS Micriobiol. Rev, 23 179-230... 

Numerous simulations of boundary lubricants have shown that cto is indeed small, even at pressures close to the yield strengths of solids.14,21 Thus, it seems that Amontons s law should hold in a wide range of cases. However, exceptions are observed when adhesive interactions are strong, which leads to large values of cto. 

In the example shown in Figure 5, c is positive and the exponent y is unity however, neither of these statements are universal. For example, the Prandtl-Tomlinson model can best be described with y = 2/3 in certain regimes,26 27 whereas confined boundary lubricants are best fit with y = l.25 28 Moreover, the constant c can become negative, in particular when junction growth is important, where the local contact areas can grow with time as a result of slow plastic flow of the opposed solids or the presence of adhesive interactions that are mediated by water capillaries.29,30... 

The fracture theory is the most widely applied theory in studying mucoadhesion mechanisms. It accormts for the forces required to separate two sttrfaces after adhesion. The maximttm tensile stress (a) produced dttring detachment can be determined by Eq. (6) by dividing the maximiun force of detachment by the total surface area A ) involved in the adhesive interaction ... 

Chickering, D.E.lll, and Mathiowitz, E., Bioadhesive microspheres. 1. A novel electrobalance-based method to study adhesive interactions between individual microspheres and intestinal mucosa, J. Control. Rel., 34 251-262 (1995). 

Structure and function of the cell formations of higher organisms are highly dependent on adhesive interactions based on direct cell-cell contact and on interactions of cells with the extracellular matrix. Adhesion between cells and with the extracellular matrix has a regulatory influence on migratory behavior, proliferation and differentiation of an individual cell within the cell formation. The adhesion processes thus do not only serve to simply hold cells together in the formation. They also have a regulatory effect... 

The theory of mechanical interlocking explains adhesive bonding with the physical coupling of surface irregularities, roughness. It can be applied for the solution of problems emerging in the textile and paper industry, but cannot describe adhesive interaction of smooth surfaces like in the case of glass. 

Gordon MY, Dowding CR, Riley GP et al. Altered adhesive interactions with marrow stroma of haematopoietic progenitor cells in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Nature 1987 328 342-344. 

Due to adhesive interaction in the retracting portion of the force-distance (f-d) curve, the JKR model registered better insight into nano-mechanical measurements... 

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