Multicellular tumor

In cancer research, the multicellular tumor spheroid model is the most widely used. Spheroids are three-dimensional, often heterogeneous organoids containing gradients of cell proliferation, oxygen, and nutrients. Spheroids may be developed in suspension or in 3-D matrices. The former method has been adapted in various ways to include the use of spinner flasks (86), rotating cell... 

Green SK, Francia G, Isidore C et al (2004) Antiadhesive antibodies targeting E-cadherin sensitize multicellular tumor spheroids to chemotherapy in vitro. Mol Cancer Ther 3 149-159... 

Multicellular tumor spheroids an underestimated tool is catching up again. J Biotechnol 148 3-15... 

Wartenberg M, Donmez F, Ling FC et al (2001) Tumor-induced angiogenesis studied in confrontation cultures of multicellular tumor spheroids and embryoid bodies grown from pluripotent embryonic stem cells. FASEB J 15 995-1005... 

Wartenberg M, Finkensieper A, Hescheler J et al (2006) Confrontation cultures of embryonic stem cells with multicellular tumor spheroids to study tumor-induced angiogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 331 313-328... 

Kebn JM, Timmins NE, Brown CJ et al (2003) Method for generation of homogeneous multicellular tumor spheroids applicable to a wide variety of cell types. Biotechnol Bioeng 83 173-180... 

Freyer, J.P., Schor, P.L., Jarrett, K.A., Neeman, M., Sillerud, L.O. (1991). Cellular energetics measured by phosphorous nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are not correlated with chronic nutrient deficiency in multicellular tumor spheroids. Cancer Res. 51,3831-3837. 

Lieubeau-TeiUet, B., Rak, J., Jothy, S., Iliopoulos, O., Kaelin, W. and Kerbel, R. S. (1998). von Hippel-Lindau gene-mediated growth suppression and induction of differentiation in renal cell carcinoma cells grown as multicellular tumor spheroids. Cancer Res. 58,4957-4962. 

N. Kohno, G. Ichikawa, K. Kawasaki, M. Kawaida, and T. Ohnuma. Combination chemotherapy of solid tumor effects of hyaluronidase on doxorubicin (DXR) penetration into multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS). Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 79 981 (1992). 

Marusic, M., Bajzer, Z., Freyer, J. P. and Vuk-Pavlovic, S., Analysis of growth of multicellular tumor spheroids by mathematical models. Cell Prolif., 27, 73,1994. 

Sun, D., Lu, J., Chen, Z., Yu, Y., Li, Y. A novel three-dimensional microfluidic platform for on chip multicellular tumor spheroid formation and culture. Microfluid Nanofluidics 17, 831-842 (2014). doi 10.1007/sl0404-014-1373-3... 

Markvicheva, E., Bezdetnaya, L., Bartkowiak, A., Marc, A., Goergen, J-L., Guillemin, F., and Poncelet, D., Encapsulated multicellular tumor spheroids as a novel model to study small size tumors, Chem. Industry, 57 (12), 585-588, 2003. 

Hirschhaeuser, F., Menne, H., Dittfeld, C., West, J., MueUer-KUeser, W., Kunz-Schughart, L.A., 2010. Multicellular tumor spheroids an underestimated tool is catching up again. J. Biotechnol. 148, 3—15. 

Yuhas JM, Li AP, Martinez AO, Ladman AJ. A simplified method for production and growth of multicellular tumor spheroids. Cancer Res 1977 37 3639-43. 

Timmins NE, Nielsen LK. Generation of multicellular tumor spheroids by the hanging-drop method. Methods Mol Med 2007 140 141-51. 

Kunz-Schughart LA. Multicellular tumor spheroids Intermediates between monolayer culture and in vivo tumor. Cell Biol Int 1999 23 157-61. 

Helmlinger G, Netti PA, Lichtenbeld HC, Melder RJ, Jain RK. Sohd stress inhibits the growth of multicellular tumor spheroids. Nat Biotech 1997 15 778-783. 

---