Applications automotive

E. F. McCarthy, Talcj Polyolefin Composites fior Exceptional Cost Pefiormance in Automotive Applications, Schotland Business Research, Princeton, N.J.,... 

J. C. Dettiing and W. K. Lui, A Non-Rhodium Three-Way Catalystfor Automotive Applications, SAE 920094, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1992. 

The changes in acrylic rubber compounds have increased the scope of these materials as heat-and oil-resisting materials able to meet many of the increasingly stringent demands being imposed on rubbers for use in automotive applications. 

The use of ABS has in recent years met considerable competition on two fronts, particularly in automotive applications. For lower cost applications, where demands of finish and heat resistance are not too severe, blends of polypropylene and ethylene-propylene rubbers have found application (see Chapters 11 and 31). On the other hand, where enhanced heat resistance and surface hardness are required in conjunction with excellent impact properties, polycarbonate-ABS alloys (see Section 20.8) have found many applications. These materials have also replaced ABS in a number of electrical fittings and housings for business and domestic applications. Where improved heat distortion temperature and good electrical insulation properties (including tracking resistance) are important, then ABS may be replaced by poly(butylene terephthalate). 

Fig. 4.51. SIMS (a) and IBSCA (b) depth profiles of an interference layer system used for automotive application...

Properties of activated carbons produced by Westvaco for automotive applications are presented in Table 5. 

The current requirements have led to the development of pellet shaped activated carbon products specifically for automotive applications. These pellets are typically generated as chemically activated, wood-based carbons. 

Another important application of NR is for bonding ceramic tiles, although it needs special compounding with clay filler and cellulose thickener. Water-borne NR adhesives can also be used for bonding canvas and leather shoes and interior trim in some automotive applications. 

To improve on penetration and heat resistance (properties normally in opposition when formulating hot melts), reactive hot melt systems are being developed. Moisture curing urethanes have already gained wide acceptance in a number of wood and automotive applications. UV cure is slowly gaining acceptance in PSA, labeling, and other markets. 

Moisture-curing hot melts are a small but fast growing segment of the urethane adhesive market. They are used mostly in construction and furniture assembly applications. Recent applications include RV sidewall assembly and other OEM automotive applications. Smaller applications include bookbinding and footwear. A typical adhesive is shown below ... 

Nitrile rubber (NBR) was first commercialized by I.G. Farbindustry, Germany, in 1937, under the trade name of Buna N. Its excellent balance of properties confers it an important position in the elastomer series. Nitrile rubber, a copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile, is widely used as an oil-resistant rubber. The acrylonitrile content decides the ultimate properties of the elastomer. In spite of possessing a favorable combination of physical properties, there has been a continuous demand to improve the aging resistance of NBR due to the tougher requirements of industrial and automotive applications. 

Beachley, N. H., and Frank, A. A. (1980). Principles and Definitions for Continuously Variable Transmissions, with Emphasis on Automotive Applications. A.SME paper 80-C2/DET-95. 

This trade-off may not even occur in some cases. Membranes used in the PEMFC have been developed for the chlor-alkali industry and have 40,000-hour durability (shutdowns are prohibitively expensive in stationary applications), require only 5,000-hour durability (corresponding Co 100,000 miles) for automotive applications. Hence, it maybe possible to develop less expensive membranes that still meet automotive requirements. 

System integration involves numerous miscellaneous development activities, such as control software to address system start-up, shut-down and transient operation, and thermal sub-systems to accomplish heat recovei y, heat rejection and water recoveiy within the constraints of weight, size, capital and operating costs, reliability, and so on. Depending on the application, there will be additional key issues automotive applications, for example, demand robustness to vibrations, impact, and cold temperatures, since if the water freezes it will halt fuel cell operation. 

Despite its demand for special lubrication, this gear type is in widespread use in industrial and automotive applications. It is used extensively in rear axles of automobiles having rear-wheel drives and is increasingly being used in industrial machinery. 

Given these advantages, it is not surprising that market forecasts for advanced ceramics (including ceramic composites) are optimistic in fact, sales in the year 2000 ate predicted to be 20 billion. The market for advanced ceramics in heat engines is slated to grow by 40 percent per year to a total of 1 bilhon in 2000. The use of advanced ceramics is predicted to grow 16 percent per year over the next 5 years, and sales for automotive applications are forecast to increase from 53 million per year in 1986 to 6 billion per year by the end of the century. 

Polyurethanes Expo 99. Conference proceedings. Orlando, FI., 12th-15th Sept. 1999, p.377-82 NEW ERA OF POLYURETHANE RECYCLING -FASCIA TO ROOF RAIL SUSTAINABLE RECYCLING IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS You K K Chang L P Witte E A Prokopyshen M H BASF Corp. DaimlerChrysler Corp. 

Plasties, whieh feature lightweight eharacteristies, are ideal for heavy-duty automotive applications. The objeetive is to reduee fuel eonsumption and earbon dioxide emissions. A variety of plastics is necessary to aehieve optimum teehnieal and economic results. It has been found that meehanieal recycling is the best reeovery option for large PP automotive eomponents, while energy recovery is the solution for most small plastie parts. 

ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL RECYCLING OF PLASTICS IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS... 

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