Automotive applications INDEX

The Shell Kraton thermoplastic rubbers are based on S-B-S, S-I-S, and S-EB-S. Applications include adhesives, footwear, mechanical goods, and automotive applications. Shell also manufactures S-EP block copolymers under the Shellvis trade name. These are used as viscosity index improvers in lubricating oils. 

Also in the acrylate family, n-butyl methacrylate is produced by the same process as methyl methacrylate -alcoholysis of methacrylamide with n-butanol. There are two major applications for n-butyl methacrylate - as a modifier in polymers for industrial and automotive lacquers and as a comonomer with higher methacrylates (e.g., lauryl and stearyl) in the manufacture of lubricant viscosity index improvers. 

Applications of ethylene-propylene copolymers and terpolymers include automotive (the major use area), thermoplastic olefin elastomers, single-ply roofing, viscosity index improvers for lube oils, wire and cable insulation, hose, appliance parts, and polymer modification. 

With the high-temperature solution polymerization processes, various ethylene homo- and copolymers with different average molecular mass and copolymer compositions are produced. The product portfolio comprises PE-HD, PE-LLD, PE-VLD, and the ethylene/propylene elastomers (EPM, EPDM) (see Figure 2). The thermoplastic products have a wide range of applications [1]. The elastomeric ethylene/propylene copolymers can also be applied widely in the automotive industry, for plastics modification, in industrial applications such as seals, in electrical cables, and in tires [2], Uncured ethylene/propylene copolymers are applicable as viscosity index improvers for lubricant oils [5]. 

Hillman, D.E., Lindley, H.M., Paul, J.I. and Pickles, D. (1975) Application of gel permeation chromatography to the study of shear degradation of polymeric viscosity index improvers used in automotive engine oils. Er. Polym. J. 1 397-407. 

Polymers have many important optical properties, such as the refractive index, reflection, scattering, absorption, clarity, gloss, haze, birefringence, stress-optic coefficient, the yellowing induced by photochemical degradation, and the specific refractive index increment in dilute solutions. Its optical properties need to be considered in evaluating the potential usefulness of a polymer in many applications such as (but not limited to) compact disk coatings, automotive... 

PMMA is widely used for signs, glazing, lighting, fixtures, sanitary wares, solar panels, and automotive tail and stoplight lenses. The low index of refraction (1.49) and high degree of uniformity make PMMA an excellent lens material for optical applications. 

Duranceau, C. M., G. R. Winslow, and P. Saha, Recycling of Automotive Seat Foam Acoustics of Post Consumer Rebond Seat Foam for Carpet Underlayment Application, Society of Automotive Engineers, 1998, available online at www.polyurethan.orgIPURRCIREPORTl / index.html. 

Lau, I.V. and Viano, D.C., The Viscous Criterion-Bases and Application of an Injury Severity Index for Soft Tissue, Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference, pp. 123-142, SAE Paper No. 861882, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, 1986. 

Besides its low price in synthesis, silica is also used because of its low refiactive index, which in combination with the small particle sizes leads to excellent optical transparency of the resulting nanocomposites. Many applications, for example, in automotive, aerospace, electronic, and engineering areas profit from the extraordinary properties of nanocomposites. 

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