Automotive-mobile applications

Automotive-Mobile Applications. Hydrogen storage and delivery systems coupled to fuel cells have the potential to provide a propulsion alternative to batteries. This approach... 

Achieving a high gravimetric storage capacity is one of the greatest challenges in automotive and mobile applications. However, for stationary applications, the... 

For most mobile applications size and weight of the fuel cell is very important. Automotive fuel cell stacks have gravimetric and volumetric power density >1 kW/kg and >1 kW/1, respectively. For smaller stacks <10 kW, power density is significantly lower. 

Mobile applications with a power range between 100 W and 5kW are called light traction applications [51]. Similarly to automotive applications, fuel cells are also very attractive for these special vehicles as they are emission free and offer a very fast recharge [51]. The group of light traction applications includes scooters, forklift trucks, and commercial vehicles. The following technical overview gives some examples. 

Hydraulic system filters are used to considerable effect for a wide range of automotive and mobile applications, including constantly variable, automatic and hydrostatic transmissions, active, anti-roll and automatic ride height suspensions, and other power transmission systems. 

Several large applications for one-component moisture-cure urethane adhesives are available. Polymeric MDI is an exceptional binder for wood products, such as oriented strand board and particleboard. One-component urethane windshield adhesives are used almost exclusively in both the OEM and automotive aftermarket. One-part urethane adhesives are used to assemble the sidewalls for recreational vehicles (RV s), manufactured housing, and mobile homes. In construction applications, one-part urethanes are used to bond metal doors, hardwood flooring, panels, and partitions. 

There are several applications of ZnO that are due to its excellent piezoelectric properties [28,164]. Examples are surface-acoustic wave (SAW) devices and piezoelectric sensors [28,165-167]. Typically, SAW devices are used as band pass filters in the tele-communications industry, primarily in mobile phones and base stations. Emerging field for SAW devices are sensors in automotive applications (torque and pressure sensors), medical applications (chemical sensors), and other industrial applications (vapor, humidity, temperature, and mass sensors). Advantages of acoustic wave sensors are low costs, ruggedness, and a high sensitivity. Some sensors can even be interrogated wirelessly, i.e., such sensors do not require a power source. 

Cerium oxide based catalysts have been widely studied during the last two decades. Main catalytic application was the elimination of automotive exhaust emissions (1,2). The catalytic properties of this oxide has often been related with the mobility of oxygen vacancies in the solid (3,4) and hence with its capacity to release stored oxygen under reducing conditions tests (5,6).Moreover, A.F. Ahlstrom and C.U.I. Odenbrand (7) reported the deactivation by sulphur dioxide of supported copper oxide during the oxidation of soot. 

The nature and mobility of ions and solvent in zeolite cages will affect the ac-impedance of the material. This effect can be utilized for zeolite-based sensor concepts where a zeolite film is coated on interdigitated electrodes. For example, it was shown that the impedance of a film of proton-conducting H-ZSM-5 is influenced by the presence of ammonia (Figs. 15, 16).[126,127] The ammonia is protonated in the zeolite, thus producing much larger ammonium ions with different mobilities in the zeolite that can be detected by impedance spectroscopy. The detection of ammonia is of interest for automotive applications where the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia is envisioned. 

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