Condensation automotive applications

Bisphenol A. One mole of acetone condenses with two moles of phenol to form bisphenol A [80-05-07], which is used mainly in the production of polycarbonate and epoxy resins. Polycarbonates (qv) are high strength plastics used widely in automotive applications and appliances, multilayer containers, and housing applications. Epoxy resins (qv) are used in fiber-reinforced laminates, for encapsulating electronic components, and in advanced composites for aircraft—aerospace and automotive applications. Bisphenol A is also used for the production of corrosion- and chemical-resistant polyester resins, polysulfone resins, polyetherimide resins, and polyarylate resins. 

There are many applications for silicone adhesives, sealants, or coatings where the condensation curing systems are not suitable. This is because they are relatively slow to cure, they require moisture to cure that can itself be in some cases uncontrollable, and they evolve by-products that cause shrinkage. Adhesives needed in automotive, electronics, microelectronics, micro electromechanical systems, avionic, and other hi-tech applications are usually confined to vei7 small volumes, which can make access to moisture difficult. Also, their proximity to very sensitive mechanical or electronic components requires a system that does not evolve reactive chemicals. 

A recently7 developed drying application for zeolites is the prevention of corrosion in mufflers (52,55). Internal corrosion in mufflers is caused primarily7 by7 the condensation of water and acid as the system cools. A unique UOP zeolite adsorption system takes advantage of the natural thermal cycling of an automotive exhaust system to desorb the water and acid precursors. 

The common application of aromatic amines is in thick-walled goods made from rubber vulcanizates. The physical loss has been considered as the main factor in the ultimate failure of goods like wire and cable coatings or automotive components. Tests report lower volatility of lid and lib,c in comparison with 11a. Excellent resistance against fugitivity at 150°C was reported for 9b (1.5% loss after 2 weeks) in comparison with 7.8% loss of a condensate like 22 and 17.5% loss of 9a [1]. Extraction tests reveal good resistance of 9b, lid and 22 [8]. 

Uniform wall temperature, denoted by . This boundary condition is present when the duct has a constant wall temperature in both the circumferential and axial directions. Uniform wall temperature has frequent application in condensers, evaporators, and automotive radiators with high flow rates. 

The development of a methanol fuel processor prototype was described by Hdhlein et al. [556]. The methanol burner dedicated to this system has been described in Section 7.5. Later, a complete methanol reformer was developed by Wiese et al. [154]. It was operated at a S/C ratio of 1.5 and a pressure of 3.8 bar. The feed was evaporated and superheated to 280 °C. The reformer itself consisted of four pairs of concentric stainless steel tubes. In the annular gap between the tubes, steam was condensed at 65 bar and 280 °C for the heat supply, while the inner tube carried the copper/zinc oxide catalyst for steam reforming. The reformer response time to a load change from 40 to 100% was about 25 s, which was mainly attributed to the slow dynamics of the dosing pump. Because the dynamic behaviour of the reformer was too slow for an automotive drive system, which had been the target appUcation of the work, an additional gas storage system was considered. To improve the system dynamics, Peters et al. considered the application of microreactor technology for a subsequent improved fuel processor [569]. 

Somewhat more difficult is the production of highly chromatic and transparent Pigment Red 179 (8) for automotive coatings applications. The introduction of non-pigmentary additives during the condensation of PTCA (10) with methylamine is one technique that has been reported to be effective ... 

---